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Distance: 0.2 km. GPS: 58.51854, 31.282805.

If the architectural center of the Sofia side of Novgorod has always been and remains today Detinets, at the Commerce side of this kind of role to a certain extent belonged to the architectural ensemble of Yaroslav's Court. A small area, has long been known in the annals of Novgorod under the name of prince, or Yaroslav's Court, located on the right bank of the Volkhov front of the southern half of the citadel.

Judging by the title, the emergence of yard dates back to the middle of the eleventh century. In the annals of Novgorod Yaroslav yard under the name of "Princely Court" is mentioned for the first time under the 1113 year in connection with the construction of the temple of St. Nicholas Princely here. The name "Yaroslav's Court" on the pages of the chronicles for the first time figures for 1208 year.

It is difficult to decide whether 6yl Yaroslaviv yard ever official residence of the prince in the ancient Novgorod, or was in such Detinets. From the fifteenth century XII by the official residence of the prince, of course, located on the Mound. However, at this time the life of the Novgorod veche republic princes of old possessed Yaroslav yard. Novgorod chronicler of the seventeenth century, based, apparently, on the oral tradition, explaining the origin of the name of the tract "Yaroslav's Court" the fact that "the great prince Yaroslav lived on the Commerce side near the Volkhov River, where now the church Kamienna Nicholas, which is shed hitherto slovet Yaroslavl 's Court. "

In 1478, negotiating with representatives of Novgorod on the conditions of the world, the Grand Duke Ivan III demanded to give him the Yaroslav Court, considering it their ancestral property. Sending after talks in Novgorod his deputies, Ivan III «ordered them to be at his court Grand Prince Yaroslavl". In 1572, Ivan IV «commanded staviti hut on his backyard on's Court." In the sixteenth century the Yaroslav's Court often appears under the name of "the Tsar's court."

Distance: 0.7 km. GPS: 58.521071, 31.276282.

Novgorod Kremlin  - a monument of military defensive architecture Rossi XV-XVII centuries, located on the left bank of the river Volkhov. The first annalistic mention of it relates to 1044. It is an architectural monument of federal importance, protected by the state. Novgorod Kremlin as part of the historical center of Veliky Novgorod is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The total area of the Novgorod citadel fortress which for centuries remained one of the most important defensive lines of Novgorod the Great, is 12.1 hectares. Built on the shaft walls, a length of 1487 meters and has a height of 8 to 15 meters. The thickness of the walls in different parts of the fortress ranges from 3.6 to 6.5 meters. From built in the XV century, the twelve towers, has survived to put.

Since its inception, the Novgorod Kremlin was the political, religious and cultural center of the Novgorod land. Here is the most ancient temple of Russia - St. Sophia Cathedral, a monument "Millennium of Russia", the oldest surviving in Russia of civil buildings - Episcopal (Faceted) Chamber.

The history of the construction of the Kremlin, as well as all the early history of Novgorod and Russia as a whole, is shrouded in mystery and legends. The official date of foundation of the city is considered to be 859 years, based on the late Nikon chronicle of the XVI century. In the famous "Tale of Bygone Years" Novgorod was founded to calling the Vikings, that is to 862 years, however, the archaeological excavations carried out in the central part of the city saying that the territory of the ancient Novgorod no cultural layer of the IX century. The oldest wooden bridge found date from the middle and second half of X century. Deeper than this bridge is mixed and heterogeneous cultural layer, which is the exact dating is difficult to install, but you can pretty safely assume that the city has existed here since at least the beginning of X century. The earliest written mention of Novgorod in a foreign source is contained in the book 949, the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, "On the management of the empire."

Priilmenye ancient center, the capital of the newly formed state of the first Slavic tribes, place the residence of the Varangian princes, most likely, it was located at the Rurik mound. This is confirmed by archaeological excavations.

The first mention of Novgorod citadel in chronicles in 1044 and is associated with the construction of the first fortress of Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich. Until recently it was believed that to this day has not been preserved no trace of the most ancient fortress, were among historians debate about the place of its location. During excavations in the summer of 2015 at the outer side of the northern wall of the Kremlin, archaeologists discovered a massive oak logs, most likely, fragments of the ancient fortress of the XI century.

In 1116 Detinets was extended and rebuilt by Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, leaving the fortress reached its present size.

In 1136, as a result of the uprising power of the prince in Novgorod it was severely limited, and Detinets became the center of the Novgorod Republic. The prince's residence was moved to Mound, located where for nearly 350 years until the annexation of Novgorod to Moscow in 1478. Most of the citadel in the times of the Novgorod Republic occupied the residence of Bishop of Novgorod (archbishop). Episcopal courtyard was built up with numerous churches and farm buildings. Archbishop of Novgorod was in fact the head of state, the keeper of the treasury, controller of weights and measures. Bishop was elected for life, and, among other things, he is in charge of construction. It archbishops erected Gate Kremlin churches. In 1333, Archbishop Basil began construction of a stone citadel, complete the replacement of the wooden castle on the stone over in the 30s of the XV century. Kremlin this period was built of limestone slabs and boulders. Fragments of masonry have survived, such as near Chamber of Facets.

In the XIV century Detinets was no longer the only constant line of defense of Novgorod the Great. At this time, around the sprawling city fortifications were built Roundabout city, which today remains the rampart ring and Alekseevskaya (White) Tower.

Global restructuring of the Kremlin, as a result of which it acquired its modern form began with the accession of the Republic of Novgorod to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Warfare has evolved, in the conduct of combat and defense stake on the firearm, and the old castle was not adapted to the new challenges. Despite the fact that in the chronicles talked about the construction of the citadel on the old basis, the restructuring has been so great that in reality it was rebuilt. The builders used the plan of the old fortress, because they wanted to maintain the direction of the old ditches and embankments, as well as use the powerful ancient masonry walls.

Novgorod Kremlin became the first Russian fortress built of red brick. It is this example started the construction of a fortress with characteristic battlements dovetail. There is a theory that the accession of Novgorod to Moscow principality allowed Ivan III to build dozens of fortresses of this type.

After annexation of Novgorod to Moscow in 1478, the city of great wealth were taken. Many knights of the family were deported to Moscow. In 1494, Ivan III severed ties with the Hanseatic League, closed the Hanseatic office in Novgorod, confiscated all the goods to a huge sum in those days. All this, apparently, was the impetus for the construction activities on the territory of Russia under Ivan the Great, and the Russian government has turned into a mighty power.

For the construction of the Novgorod Kremlin leading Italian architects were invited to perform masonry German workers.

In contrast to the old Russian fortification Novgorod Kremlin was a fortress of a new type, completely ready to combat with artillery. From round the walls bouncing cannonballs without causing almost no damage to the main array of towers that were designed to maintain the defense, including circular.

Towers of Novgorod Kremlin consists of several tiers, each of which is designed for guns of different caliber. The top tier of the towers allow far-view space, still ignore the enemy on the approaches to the fortress. High peaked tents were erected over the towers in order to cover up the defenders and at the same time give the caustic powder smoke to dissipate.

During the XVII century the Moscow government to constantly monitor the maintenance of the defense capability of the Novgorod citadel. In 1701, after the battle of Narva, Peter I ordered to strengthen the fortifications of Novgorod and Pskov. At the same time it has been refurbished walls and towers of the citadel. Soon, due to changes in Russia's western borders Novgorod military importance declined. In 1720, "he told the Novgorod fortress garrison and leave it be." However, in 1729 Novgorod was again at some time in the state of fortresses on the north-western border.

In 20-ies of the nineteenth century it was carried out minor repair work, in particular, on the site of the dismantled in the late eighteenth century and the Resurrection Prechistenskaya tower travel wide arches were built. Repairs fortifications citadel in 1830 - 1840-ies had the task is not so much technical strengthening, as a general improvement of the city.

In 1862, the fence collapsed walls in the 170 meters, adjacent to the Palace Tower. In connection with the planned September 7, 1862 the inauguration of the monument "Millennium of Russia" tsarist government was forced to urgently restore fell upon the site and carry out improvement works at the same time the citadel. The wall was built anew from the new brick without observing the ancient law. For the sake of economy, it made much thinner, with deep niches.

During the Great Patriotic War Detinets, like the rest of Novgorod, was badly damaged by artillery fire, and fighting the German occupation. For example, at the Spassky tower was destroyed wooden tent. The tower Kokuy was a German observation post, and during the fighting for the liberation of the tower was dropped bomb. Knjazhaja tower was "divorced" from the walls of the Kremlin, but not collapsed.

After the war, and to this day in the Novgorod Kremlin are continuing work to restore the historical appearance of the fortress, a permanent repair, careful preservation of old masonry and replacement of damaged sections. Also there are constant Detinets archaeological excavations shed light on the medieval history of life and dosrednevekovuyu fortress.

Today, the ensemble of the Novgorod Kremlin is a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO and is included in the Novgorod Museum Reserve. On the territory of the Novgorod Kremlin is located Philharmonic, Regional Scientific Library, the School of Music. In Detinets festivals, celebrations and exhibitions. To visit some of the tower open and partially combat the progress of the Kremlin.

Novgorod Kremlin, as a significant military fortifications of his time, was and still remains a remarkable monument of ancient Russian architecture, presenting great interest from the architectural and artistic point of view.

Distance: 11 km. GPS: 58.488035, 31.28373.

Monastery of the Holy Martyr, and Wonderworker George the Victorious, for centuries traditionally called St. George (Yuri-dialectal form of the name George, widespread in the ancient language), is one of the oldest monasteries not only in Novgorod Diocese, but the whole of Russia. It was founded in 1030 by the son of Apostolic Baptist of Russia, the Orthodox Russian prince Yaroslav the Wise. Yaroslav in holy baptism was named George and deeply honored their patron saint, in the name of the holy warrior-martyr he established monasteries in Kiev and Novgorod. With the initial times of Christianization of Rus and throughout its history, St. George becomes infinitely respected defender of the Fatherland and the Russian princely house.

Built on the shores of Prince Yaroslav the Volkhov at the wellsprings of the monastery was originally made of wood, as well as its collegiate church of St. George. In 1119 the command of another outstanding Russian military commander and governor of St. Blessed Prince Mstislav the Great stone church was laid. Even the great Prince Mstislav at that time was in Kiev, the care of the construction of the cathedral completely was laid on St. George's monastery abbot Kyriakos and his son Mstislav, Vsevolod, prince then in Novgorod. Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel remained in the memory of the people, not only as a great warrior, but as a great hramozdatelya, who built many churches, including the Cathedral Trinity Cathedral in Pskov, where he was buried in 1138. Church veneration of Prince formed at the end of the XII century, after gaining his incorruptible relics. The memory of the holy Prince Vsevolod, who lived for centuries in the Yuriev Monastery, is reflected in the dedication to him the throne of the temple has not survived to the present day.

The majestic St. George's Cathedral is second in size only to St. Sophia Novgorod, rightfully belongs to the treasures of Russian medieval architecture, unique beautiful temple reflected the highest representation of our ancestors of the beauty and harmony, they are not built the building, but the image of the Church in its universal meaning. The modern appearance of St George's Cathedral is close enough to the original. The interior of St. George's Cathedral reflected his character and purpose of the main church of the monastery, while the prince's temple. For a stay of the prince and his family have been arranged large choruses, the "house" in Slavonic, but here, in the gallery, there are two chapels - the Annunciation of the Blessed and holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. Shortly before the consecration of the cathedral, around 1030 years old, its walls were painted; Unfortunately, the ancient fresco painting is almost completely lost, preserved only small fragments of ornamental decorations window slopes in the main body of the cathedral and painting small temple, located in the north-western tower.

Position Yuriev Monastery in Novgorod diocese was exceptional, based Russian princes abode for centuries worshiped first by value among the monasteries of Novgorod, St. George was known even Lavra. Since the end of the XII century Cathedral of St. George monastery served as the final resting place not only the abbots of the monastery, but the Russian princes and Novgorod mayor. In 1198 the cathedral were buried two sons of Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich - Izyaslav, godson Varlaam Khutynsky, and his brother, Rostislav. In June 1233 the cathedral was pogrben yany Prince Theodore Yaroslavich, the elder brother of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. Death befell fourteen Theodore suddenly, the young prince was prepared for an inheritance in the land of the warrior and defender of the Fatherland, but somehow God has judged, Russia He defended the hand of his brother Alexander, in the person of Theodore people found warrior and intercessor in heaven. Eleven years later, May 5, 1224, his mother died of Theodore Alexander and Princess Theodosia Mstislavna before her death, she took a monk in a monastery under the name of Yuriev Euphrosyne, Princess was buried near the southern wall of the cathedral, next to the grave of the elder son.

In the years 1611-17 the monastery suffered severe devastation from Swedish invaders, but in these terrible years of captivity in the Swedish fishing abode of God accomplished remarkable for Novgorod and Russian phenomenon - acquisition of the relics of Holy Prince Theodore Yaroslavich. In 1614, covered by rampant greed Swedish soldiers began to dig the grave in search of treasures. On opening one of the graves in St. George's Cathedral, they found it incorrupt remains of St. Prince, pulling him out of the grave, they put him against the wall, unruptured body stood as a living person.

In the years after the revolution Yuriev monastery shared the fate of all the Russian monasteries, Way of the Cross Church. In 1922, the confiscation of church property had character shameless looting of the monastery, were melted removed from garments icons, silver St. cancer. Teoctist, liturgical vessels. Only a small part of the property has become the property of Russian museum collections. A few years later, in 1929, the monastery was finally closed, the surviving brothers dispersed. The ruin of the monastery to complete in 1935, with the architectural restoration of the Cathedral of St. George on a strange and ill-considered reasons of aesthetic order was destroyed seven-tier iconostasis.

Yuriev Monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church December 25, 1991, the Novgorod diocese received enough dilapidated temples and buildings of the monastery, in which there was not a single icon, not to mention the decoration of churches and grand challenges for the conservation and maintenance of the ancient monastery. Since 1995, it has been restored monastic abode in St. George. Prayer and works of St. George Monastery svyaschennoarhimandritom Eminence Leo, Archbishop of Novgorod and Staraya Russa, a small fraternity, and is coming to live and work mates monastery is reviving, to conduct services for monastic charter, gradually restored churches, paint icons, arranged monastic economy.

Distance: 11 km. GPS: 58.473459, 31.274778.

Not far from St. George's, at the very beginning of the Volkhov located Peryn ancient tract. It was in one of the largest ancient pagan sanctuaries of the Eastern Slavs - the temple of the god of thunder Perun. After the baptism of Novgorod, which occurred in 991 on the site of a pagan temple was built Christian church, later the monastery, which in 1611 was ravaged by the Swedes.

Extant Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin refers to the end of the 12th - early 13th century. and it is considered one of the smallest pre-Mongolian cathedrals in Russia. Direct information about its construction is not. It is believed that it was built in 1226 when Novgorod was the father of Alexander Nevsky and held public elections Archimandrite. for the Study of Church Work began in 1947 and continued simultaneously with the restoration of the building. It is a small cubic domed temple.

As a result, the restoration revealed the original trilobate cover the church, fragments of frescoes in the lintels of window openings of the drum. Slightly tapering upwards walls, blades, windows, churches drum enhance the effect of lightness and aspirations of all. are three spacious entrance into the building. They are set wide apart and slender dome pillars contribute to the fact that at small sizes (7,5X9,5X12 m) Church gives the impression of a spacious, high buildings. Currently, the monument was restored in its original form.

Crescent nadkupolnogo Cross has nothing to do with Islamic symbols, but Christian interpretations of it, there are many. This form of the cross is typical of pre-Mongol period and comes from "Blossom Cross" or "Cross of the vine." Near the church there are three one-story brick building, built in the 19th century to the cells of hermit monks, the inhabitants Peryn Chapel. Since the beginning of the 19th century. on the territory of the abolished by the decree of Catherine II Perynskogo monastery was founded by St. George monastery belonged to the monastery, which were removed fasters and Silent. In 1826 Archimandrite Photius built for them stone cells - survived three one-storey brick building. At the same time it has been planted pine grove covering skit from St. George suburb.

In Soviet times, on the site of the monastery has been a tourist center. Now skit on Peryn acts.

Distance: 11 km. GPS: 58.587563, 31.393086.

Varlaamo-Khutyn Monastery - (Varlaamo-Khutyn Spaso-Preobrazhensky women (previously - male) monastery) is located on the right bank of the river Volkhov in Novgorod region, 7 km from Veliky Novgorod and 3 km from the Krechevitsy.

According to popular legend, this place was at the mercy of evil forces and called "Khutyn", ie a corrupt place. It retreated to pray monk Barlaam (in the world Alexey Mikhalevich). Once Prince Yaroslav came to him. Saint Barlaam to bless him, he said "bless you, Prince, and your noble son," This greeting astonished prince, who knew no more about the birth of the baby (this was in 1190). Log houses his cell and defeating the evil spirit, he put first wooden, then a stone church of the Transfiguration (the Church of the Savior on Khutyn). The church was consecrated on August 6, 1192 Archbishop Gregory. The temple was not preserved. After annexation of Novgorod to Moscow Transfiguration Cathedral was built. The most famous building of the monastery church believe Gregory Armenian.

In 1462 the monastery came in Khutyn Ivan III in order to venerate the holy relics and the legend began to extort from the abbot, why not reveal the shrine for all to venerate the holy relics. When he began to dig the grave of the commandment of Varlaam, from the earth broke the pillar of fire, Opal wall and the south door of the iconostasis. Ivan in terror ran out of the church, striking his staff into the ground, and from the land of fire coming out not only in the church but also in the monastery. Dropping his staff, the king in great fear left the monastery. This staff and scorched the door of the altar were kept in the sacristy of the monastery.

In 1611, the monastery became the seat of command Swedes attacked Novgorod.

The Holy Transfiguration Cathedral Khutynsky monastery buried the ashes of the great Russian poet Gavriil Derzhavin and his wife Darya Alekseevna. Derzhavin died in 1816 at his home in the estate "Zvanka". The coffin with the body of the deceased on a barge on the Volkhov went to his last resting place. During the Great Patriotic War, the monastery was destroyed. Victims and grave Derzhavin. In 1959 he took the reburial of the poet and his wife in the Novgorod Kremlin. In 1993, in connection with the 250th anniversary of the poet, his remains were returned to the monastery.

The monastery was closed in 1925. C April 20, 1994 - nunnery.

Distance: 11 km. GPS: 58.497062, 31.311647.

Nereditsa Church (Christ on the Mount Nereditsa, Spas-Nereditsa?) - Transfiguration of the Lord Temple, located near Veliky Novgorod on the right bank of the Volkhov on a small hill near the ancient city.

Built in a single season in 1198 when Novgorod Prince Yaroslav.

Temple domed, cubic type chetyrёhstolpny, trёhapsidny. Frescoes cover the entire surface of the walls and is one of the most unique and most significant pictorial Russian ensembles. The paintings have been extensively studied and described from the beginning to the 30-ies of XX century.

On the mound around the Church of the Saviour there Nereditsky or Savior on Mound Monastery (assigned to the Yuriev Monastery).

During the Great Patriotic War, the church was in the area of active hostilities, and for years 1941-1943 continuously shelled by artillery. As a result, almost all the paintings were lost. Nevertheless, thanks to the surviving descriptions, photographs and copies, iconographic material from the Church of the Transfiguration on Nereditsa remains one of the most used in the comparative analysis.

Church rebuilt in the years 1956-1958 one of the first after the war.

According to the decision of UNESCO in 1992 Church of the Savior on Nereditsa included in the World Heritage List along with several other monuments of Novgorod and its environs.

Restoration of monumental painting of the church was carried out in June and October 2015. During the restoration was carried out the final consolidation of the paint layer on an area of 115 square meters, putty small losses, made the selection of callers for plaster fill. On the wall of the temple returned assembled from fragments of the composition - Holy Great Martyr Juliana. On November 23, 2015 Nereditsa Church re-opened for visitors.

Distance: 12 km. GPS: 58.493565, 31.297537.

Rurik settlement - archaeological site at the source of the river Volkhov on the right bank. According to the excavations, people lived continuously on this site since Neolithic times (VIII-III millennium BC). Hillfort known as the location of the residence of the Prince of Novgorod, it is linked to the names of many political figures of ancient Russia. It is believed that Novgorod called the New Town with respect to the Old Town, is located on the Mound.

Until the XIX century the tract, as well as the village, to name just a fort. Prefix Rurik appeared in the title at the beginning of the XIX century., As an attempt to link this place with the annalistic legend about calling Vikings in 862. Further archaeological and scientific studies confirm this legend. Now we can confidently say that it is here, on the first hill of the right bank at the source of the river Volkhov in the IX century with the active participation of the "Vikings" came the first political, administrative and military center of disparate Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes Priilmenye. It is a prime location Mounds on the hill, surrounded on all sides by natural water obstacles, on the ancient trade route was the reason for the rapid flourishing settlement.

Although the first mention in the annals of ancient settlement relates to 1103 and is connected with the laying of the stone church of the Annunciation of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, son of Vladimir Monomakh, the archaeological site dates from the time of occurrence of the urban settlement at this place three or four centuries earlier. IX centuries - in 2015 during the excavation of an ancient Gorodishchenskoye strengthening expedition IHMC RAS, cultural layer VIII was detected. with traces of fire. This finding has proved the existence of a settlement at this place before calling the Vikings.

The first excavations on the site were carried out in 1901 by archaeologist N. Novgorod Polyansky. In the summer of 1910 is excavated famous archaeologist, painter and philosopher Nicholas Roerich. Since 1975, the work is the Institute of History of Material Culture of RAS (St. Petersburg) under the leadership of Eugene N. Nosov.

In addition to the main subject in the area of research and Mounds discovered earlier cultural layer:

• remains of Neolithic (II-III thousand. BC. e.),


• settlement of the Early Iron Age (I thousand. BC. e.).

In IX-X centuries the fort was fortified wooden castle on the shaft, which is adjoined by the extensive settlement. The existence of such a fortress scientifically confirmed. During excavations, archaeologists found the remains of ancient fortifications. Gorodnya, i.e. crates, filled with ground and immersed in the body of the shaft so that they can hold themselves on the wooden wall. Scientists dated the construction of the fortress found the second half of the IX century, and therefore it is the oldest surviving structure in Russia fortresses.

At the end of X century Mound lost the role of the socio-economic center in favor of the actively developing with the adoption of Christianity Novgorod. After Novgorod uprising in 1136 that ended the dual power of the prince and the boyars, on the territory of the settlement was the residence of the prince, controlled Novgorod mayor. Here spent his childhood Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy stayed here, Vasily Dark, Ivan III and Ivan the Terrible. During the time of the Novgorod Republic in the Settlement were located the prince's palace and Gridnitsa, administrative and utility rooms, craft shops, church and princely archive. Part of the residence was the church of the Savior on Nereditsa.

Its national significance Mound lost in the XVI century after the defeat of Novgorod by Ivan IV the Terrible. At various times, on the site of an ancient fortress located garden Iver monastery, manor Menshikov, merchants' courtyards. By the XIX - XX centuries. on the hill there was only a village Mound, the last houses of which still stand adjacent to the conserved ruins of the Church of the Annunciation.

In 1103 the son of the Kievan prince Vladimir Monomakh Novgorod prince Mstislav laid on Mound Church of the Annunciation. In 1342 - 1343 years on the site of the destroyed temple of XII century was built a new temple stood until 1941. During World War II, he was almost completely destroyed by artillery fire, and after the war, unfortunately, was not rebuilt.

Church of the Annunciation was not completely painted. Fresco painting was located only on a small section of the wall in the niche of the altar of the temple. In the center of the niche is a composition "Rieta" ( "Christ in the tomb"), a favorite in the Byzantine art and ranneitalyanskom XIII - XIV centuries. On either side of her figure John the Theologian and bishop Rodion, apparently, patron customer mural. Excavations conducted by the walls of the Church of the Annunciation in 1934, 1966 - 1969, it was possible to detect the lower parts of the walls of the temple, built in 1103.

From the top of the hill Rurik settlement offers a magnificent panorama of the source of the river Volkhov.

Rich Mound place! Around blue, enticing given. Darkens Ilmen. For Volkhov - Yuriev Monastery and former Arkazhsky. To the right of the head of the shines Sofia and brown ribbon twisted Kremlin. On the Trading side whiten all the churches that "bush are". Are seen - Lyadka, Volotovo, Kirillov monastery, Nereditsa, Selco, Skovorodsky Monastery, St. Nicholas in Lipno, Forest Bronnitsa turns blue. Everything is on a platter of gold apple.

I describe these places NK Roerich in 1910. Much has changed for more than 100 years, but now with Gorodishchenskoye hill can observe a panorama of "Motherland Russia" from Lake Ilmen to the Novgorod Kremlin.

The first important event significantly changed the historical landscape around Rurik settlement, was the construction of the channel Siversova Vyshnevolotskaya within the water system. The channel was built from 1798 to 1803 years. on the initiative of the Novgorod governor Yakov Yefimovich Sievers to connect Mstu in the lower reaches to Volkhov, paving thus the way for merchant ships to bypass the turbulent waters of Lake Ilmen. It should be noted that the project has failed, the canal was laid on marshland and almost immediately began to silt. Sievers channel shared Horodyshche hill into two parts, as well as the changed direction of the Small Volhovtsa.

The biggest changes in the landscape Rurik settlement related to the construction of the railway St. Petersburg - Novgorod - Soblago - Smolensk and on to Eagle, the embankment which passes the current road to the settlement. This railway was built during the First World War for strategic purposes. Construction began in 1916, were built four pillars Volkhov bridge, two of which with an icebreaker, built embankments on both banks. The project has caused discontent in the cultural circles of the time, in particular the NK Roerich wrote:

"Shame on us if in our days grow such projects. Is our building, so necessary and welcome, should take place only among the blasphemy of the best places of the state. Is it really impossible to predict and maintain the road project on the other side of Novgorod, where nothing broken, yes, by the way, and swamps less. I believe that the Minister of Railways will not cause irreparable accomplished."

However, the construction went on, and if not for the revolution of 1917, out of the war in 1918, and further need to address the more pressing current problems, the project would be carried to completion. Even in Soviet times there were plans to resume construction of the railway, it was not possible to realize them.

In 2012, Rurik fort was one of the centers of the 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood. "Prince's Stone" was opened on September 22 here. This huge boulder weighing about 40 tonnes was delivered to the settlement of Batetskaya District, Novgorod Region. On the stone is engraved with a quotation from Radzivilovskoy record, indicating the outstanding role of the settlement in the history of ancient Russia, "and priya Ryurik power all odin, and cometh kb Ilmer, and cut down the town nad Volkhov and prozvasha and Novgorod, and sѣdѣtu, prince, and Section muzhem svoim parish and the city of cuts. " At the same time the direction of the field, statements were made about the beginning of construction on the Rurik mound unique museum complex of the project, coordinated with the Ministry of Culture. However, in the absence of funding, on the installation of stone work is not moved.

Question on the development of the territory of Rurik settlement as a promising tourist destination in the vicinity of Novgorod periodically rises in the press, the authorities and the public men discussed. In 2014 the settlement area was presented to investors as a possible investment project. It was proposed to connect Rurik settlement with St. George Monastery, Bike and building a bridge or a cable car on the existing piers. hotel and entertainment complex in the vicinity of the settlement - construction project "Viking village" was presented. To make this place a landscaped park, officials turned to the Italian designer Marino Novello. The further fate of all these projects is currently unknown.

Getting there

Rurik settlement located 2 km south of the center of Veliky Novgorod. In order to get to the fort by car, you need to leave the city in the direction of Moscow. After the bridge over the Little Volhovets at the monument to heroes of the Great Patriotic War to turn right at the sign on Sholokhovo village. Then drive along the paved road past the Church of the Savior on Kovalev, right through Sholokhovo village, then turn right and right to the end, after passing the turn to the village of Spas-Nereditsa.

Distance: 12 km. GPS: 58.521475, 31.275475.

Vitoslavlitsy - Museum of Wooden Architecture, which is located near St. George Monastery a few kilometers from the Great Novgorod.

The name "Vitoslavlitsy" comes from the village Vitoslavlice that existed here in the XII-XVIII centuries. The village is known since the beginning of the XII century. Around 1187 the village was handed over to the prince of Novgorod Izyaslav Mstislavich his brother. In 1207 the monastery was large village at St. Panteleimon Monastery. In the first half of the XIX century here settled the Countess AA Orlova-Cesme, preserved her house built by the architect Carlo Rossi.

Established of the project

The basis of modern Vitoslavlitsy - Novgorod Museum of Wooden Architecture is considered to be the year 1964.

More precisely June 5, 1964. In fact, all major formal decisions of the museum belong to this time. January 8 extended the commission traveled to a place where there was a Church of the Assumption (1595) village Kuritsko, examined her condition and came to the conclusion that it is impossible to keep it there. The Commission invited "... carry out the transfer to a new place ... desirable ... On the territory of Novgorod." January 31 signed an order of the Minister of Culture of the RSFSR "On measures to improve the protection of monuments of wooden architecture" in which, among other cities suggested creating an open-air museum in Novgorod. June 5 decision №190 / 14 for the executive committee of the museum Novgorsoveta assigned former Oryol manor. And in June, at a meeting of the Technical Council of the Novgorod City Executive Committee decided to "consider it possible to preserve the organization in the territory of the Oryol manor, between the road and the lake to Yuryevo Myachin near St. George's Monastery." In the autumn of the same year he was transferred here Church of the Assumption of the XVI century.

With a choice of territory, not everything was easy. A.G.Bogorova, engaged in planning the area around Detintsa, insisted on placing wooden buildings in the south, while almost empty part of the Kremlin. I pretend to development for the museum at the site of the Resurrection and the settlement itself Sloboda. There have been proposals for the placement of religious buildings on the ground of the former monastery shot during the last war or disappeared earlier in the Novgorod neighborhood. There were other offers, too little real. In choosing a site to help the candidate architecture (later Doctor of Architecture and academician) A.V.Opolovnikov. He had a lot of experience and have developed a project to restore the first monument - the Church of the Assumption.

There were also opponents of the creation of this kind of museums, considering that the construction should be maintained on their "native places." Now, after more than 30 years, made clear that there they would all be killed, had disappeared Dukhovskaya Gorodets Church, Church of the Nativity in Ryshevo, Peter and Paul Church in Holloway, the church in Ust-Koshiro and Touraine churchyard and others. Wooden chapels lost even more. Old wooden house capitally reconstructed - at best. Most understand, are cut for firewood or incinerated. With even greater rapidity disappearing old economic, industrial, hydraulic and other structures. Many species no longer exists. And if we agree with the opinion of some opponents, there would be no monuments of folk architecture, not the museum.

Restoration workshop beginning to bring their religious monuments in the territory allotted, literally saving them from death. So it was with St. Nicholas Church of Tuchola (XVII century.), Hut Ekimova MD of Ryshevo to be demolished due to disrepair, the church of the Nativity Chuck (1531) and others. A museum, even the preliminary draft, sketch was not. There were no orders, and project management culture of the Novgorod regional administration. But there were expeditions to the region, to identify "material", ie valuable old buildings, accumulated experience and knowledge, studied peasant life more purposefully started to collect ethnographic clothing material, etc. In fact, the field survey to identify folk architecture monuments began in 1959. Only an official letter MK RSFSR Head of Culture I.A.Konovalovu spurred the development of the project of the museum. It was made in a short time and in the same year, the State Inspectorate agreed MK RSFSR August 12 with some comments and suggestions. Order of the executive committee of the regional council of 16 May 1967. Vitoslavlitsy Museum became a branch of the Novgorod Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve.

The agreed draft project consisted of the "Regulations", the staffing, organizational principles, general plans (including the general plan of protected zones and regulation of construction, combined with the same areas of St. George's Monastery) and applications (photos of monuments).

Detailed study of the master plan was carried out gradually. Please carry out the Project "Mstinsky" sector, then - the complex "Churchyard" Mill complex, the north-eastern sector. The other two sectors (southwest and Poozerie) fine-tuned as part of the general plan and solid materials to it (graphic drawings scans, and so on.). Drawing up a complete and detailed master plan started only in 1989-1990. When the work and the appropriate means were determined position of general plan of the museum.

Profile museum - architectural and ethnographic determined by the time of preparation of conceptual design was adopted and approved.

With its own name ( "name") museum Vitoslavlitsy was not any complications, although many, especially in official documents, persistently take it in quotation marks.

Vitoslavlitsy village existed here since the beginning of XII or even from the XI century. Its name is of course passed and the surrounding area. Around 1187, with the permission of Novgorod, it was transferred to the prince of Novgorod Izyaslav Mstislavich his brother. The letter mentions Izyaslav Panteleimonov monastery built by that time. In 1207 the wooden church was replaced in stone. The village became a monastic settlement. The character of the area and the building has changed more than once. The name of the place for some time, forgotten, and now revived in a new capacity.

It was more difficult with the "official" name Vitoslavlitsy. How to combine the museum the title two related entities themselves - architectural and ethnographic? We did not find the name short and shaped. We stopped until the present, where a small and dependent function subordinated to the principal.
The design and construction of the museum had its own peculiarities. Designing a detailed master plan lagged behind the practice of construction, ie, svozki the territory and the restoration of monuments. But there was an agreed schematic general plan and developed the basic principles of its formation, it is not fundamentally changed, but gradually improved and enriched. Ros and experience of builders.

The basic principles were:

• Salvation of wooden buildings;


• To build the museum as architectural and ethnographic where basic function take the wooden structures;


• The museum should reflect specific planning structure of the old villages of Novgorod;


• By creating sectors reflect the main architectural features of the area of the regions;


• The basis of the museum - peasant farmsteads sectors with a complete set of all possible structures;


• In the museum of folk architecture monuments are brought feudalism. Buildings with a strong influence of urban culture are excluded;


• Buildings are selected not by the time of their construction, and by the content of their national traditions;


• Later, low-value and distort layers monument removed; monument most fully restored. Restores missing parts should be scientifically substantiated;


• The museum should not be a dead body. Its territory and some buildings have to be revived not only the crowds of tourists, but also crafts, shopping, games, folk activities, festivals, gardens, orchards and other things;


• The compositional center of the sector should become religious buildings, the main center of the museum - a group of religious buildings, administrative and economic constructions, ie churchyard;

Master plan of the museum and its sectors and systems adjusted in the process of its creation.
The last point to Novgorod conditions was particularly important. Adjustment is inevitable for many reasons. For example, the estimated construction of the carriage to have disappeared or owners do not want to sell them, or found a new, more interesting, finally, designers abound in knowledge. We have to make changes to the project.

At the plenary session in April 1977 Scientific and Methodological Council MK USSR, held in Kyiv city, I set out their views on the construction of open-air museums such methods as they are used in Novgorod. It was accepted positively, the method approved.

It is important here that the principles are respected and developed to the basic idea, implicit in the nature museum, is not compromised, departing from the basic idea is extremely undesirable.

When designing the museum amount transported on its territory exhibits, buildings on a plan of change over time. If at first supposed to bring together up to 20 sites, in a few years to 40, and by the 90 th year - up to 80-100. (Truly, - the appetite comes with eating). I, as the author of the project throughout the architectural research, of the spatial and urban-planning part, had to take into account all reasonable opinions and suggestions. Without the active participation of museum staff and restorers of my colleagues in the design work would be more difficult.

Distance: 12 km. GPS: 58.489638, 31.270953.

Boutique Hotel "Yurievskoe Compound" located in one of the most picturesque corners of Novgorod the Great, in the immediate vicinity of the unique museum of wooden architecture "Vitoslavlice" and St. George's Monastery, favorite vacation spot of Novgorod and guests.

Conceived under the stylization of ancient Russian life "Compound", so this happened and radiant that it and do not represent a piece of the Russian remote places: it had, and so does not take away. Here you can really relax and the heart and soul after a long journey or a business meeting. Enjoy the peace, quiet and comfort of a special boutique hotel "Yurievskoe Compound", take a nap in an armchair by the fireplace or have dinner with friends traditionally, in Russian, in one of the two rooms of the restaurant "Yurievskoe Compound" or on the summer porch.

Hotel "Yurievskoe Compound" in Veliky Novgorod is waiting for visitors and residents!

Distance: 16 km. GPS: 58.623151, 31.168264.

The current female Vyazhishchsky Monastery is located in the immediate vicinity of Novgorod the Great. He has the status of Stavropegic, that is independent of the local diocesan authorities, reporting directly to the patriarch or synod. Architectural buildings of the monastery are an invaluable monument of the Novgorod land of culture. The monastery is famous for its extraordinary variety of tiles that adorn the building of the temple complex.

Vyazhishchsky Monastery was founded in the XIV century by three monks pious Euphrosyne, Ignatius and Galaktion. In the charter, dated 25 August 1391, Vyazhischsky monastery is mentioned along with Yuriev, Paleostrovsky and Murom. Novgorod chronicles mention a monastery in 1411.

In "Life of Novgorod Archbishop Euphemia", who took the monastery under his protection, he explains that the founders monks forcibly took possession of a piece of land where they built their cells and the first wooden church. Nearby farmers for a long time fought a legal battle with the monastery, but as it usually happened at the time, lost her.

Archbishop Euthymius known in the history of Novgorod, as a major political figure. He led the Novgorod pulpit at the time of formation of a single centralized Russian state and was a fierce opponent of reunification with the Great Russian lands Moscow principality. Euthymios spent in the city and surrounding area a lot of construction. He renewed and adorned St. Sophia Cathedral, put the Episcopal (Facets), elevated Chasozvonnyu, rebuilt "on the old basis" several churches.

With a stay Euphemia Archbishop of Novgorod monastery began to flourish: the construction of the first stone churches (not survived), the expansion of the monastery estates until the land in the current Karelia.

In 1458 the monastery patron Vyazhischskogo Archbishop of Novgorod Euthymius II died. Monks magnificently furnished the burial of the archbishop here in the monastery, to make it a place of worship for the many pilgrims. There was talk that the stone on the grave of Euphemia brings healing from disease, as well as his chains.

At the beginning of XVII century during the Swedish invasion of the monastery suffered, but at the end of foreign occupation, using a special patronage of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, quickly made up for their wealth. In this period the history of the monastery are extant buildings: Cathedral of St. Nicholas (1681-1683 gg.), The refectory with John the Evangelist churches and the Ascension (1694-1698 gg.), Gallery, connecting them, and having two front porch. At the beginning of the XVIII century, two stone buildings were built in the northern part of the monastery: a two-storey with cells for the monks and a floor hardware. Originally, the monastery ensemble was surrounded by a wooden fence. At the beginning of the XIX century it was replaced by a stone.

Of particular beauty, bright distinguishing feature among the other monasteries of Novgorod land, the monastery ensemble Vyazhischskogo attach tiles. They are used as an insert in the galleries, porches incorporated into the decor, applied in wall niches, framed windows and door openings, a wide frieze around the building of the refectory, in the decoration of the parapets ladder seedlings, the heads of the drums.

Researchers share vyazhischskie tiles into 3 groups: small in size with a small figure, stove (21,5h22,5) placed high up in the bottom of the steps, and galleries of St. Nicholas Cathedral, the average (30,5h31,5) and large (37,5h38) used especially for decoration of facades. There are tiles that represent tiles, connected at right angles, with an average angle of tiles, which were used in the decoration of window casings. Monumental vyazhischskaya ceramics characteristic clear and bright pictures, clearly visible, even if the tiles are placed at high altitude.

On small tiles often depicted floral bouquets in vases and geometric shapes. Medium and large tiles are more diverse in the drawings: the unicorn on tiles (in the octagonal bell tower), double-headed eagle (on the top frieze of the second tier of the refectory), a cross, a vase with a large flower-fruit, etc. This diversity of subjects is particularly noticeable on p. St. John the Evangelist. And its lower tier, which housed offices and utility rooms, free of tiles, while the second tier is literally affects the abundance of tile decoration, highlighting the importance of the top floor.

In 1989 Vyazhischsky monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. The first liturgy was completed September 11, 1989, and March 31, 1990 consecration of the lower church in honor of St. Euphemia, Archbishop of Novgorod, Wonderworker. The first divine service in it made Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod, later Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II. With his blessing, the monastery has been determined to be a female.

Getting there

Vyazhishchsky Monastery is located 16 km from Novgorod. From the city you need to go on the Luga highway. After 3 km turn right at the roundabout in the direction of the site of JSC "Akron". After a further 3 km, turn left at the sign on Vyazhischi.

Distance: 20 km. GPS: 58.395378, 31.193949.

Country Club "Ilmen", located in the Novgorod region next to Lake Ilmen (Ilmen village, 700 m to the lake), 20 km from Veliky Novgorod.

Club "Ilmen" offers: cottages for rent, rent of Russian bath on the wood, rent cafe and banquet hall, rent arbors, active play laser tag and paintball, organization and conduct of festive and corporate events, school graduations, and children's events. You can visit an ostrich farm in private and see real African ostriches, raccoons, squirrels and other animals.

For you will have a unique opportunity to take a break from the bustle of cities in a completely ecologically clean part of the Novgorod region, enjoy the majesty of the famous ilmenite, breathe the fresh air of peace and tranquility of these places.

The choice of the place is due to the beautiful nature, remoteness from major population centers, the beauty of the lakes, the history of these places, which is a major factor in the secluded ecological rest.

The club "Ilmen" you can relax in solitude, indulging in philosophical reflection by the fire, or the opposite - a big, noisy company, celebrate anniversaries and holidays, enjoying a hot barbecue and sounds of wildlife, arranging tournaments or singing karaoke! And why not spend the evening in a warm and friendly atmosphere, steaming in the Russian bathhouse with an oak broom yes, drinking tea from a samovar this!

Distance: 36 km. GPS: 58.630133, 30.856454.

Park nature created and developed on a private basis in Batetsky District, Novgorod Region. Here you can see the animals: camels, llamas, goats, raccoons, foxes, and other poultry.

Location

24 km from Veliky Novgorod to Luga and 2 km from the turn to Tёsovo-2 (Batetsky District, d. Excepting).
Hours: 10 to 19 hours.

Distance: 57 km. GPS: 58.896089, 31.668121.

Selishchi Village is located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, 57 km north of Veliky Novgorod on the road P-53 Polist Savior - Malaya Vishera - Lyubytino - Borovichi. It is with Selischenskogo military settlement began the history of the military settlements of the first half of the XIX century in Novgorod province. Here in August 1816 was sent to the 2nd Battalion of the Grenadier Regiment Count Arakcheev.

Construction of the complex began in 1818 under the supervision of an engineer KF Detlova. The project was the architect VP Stasov, who is the author of Holy Spirit Church with three-span basilica plan with six columns and Antes. By 1826 arena complex included the church, guardhouse and four-storey houses with services.

The hardships of service of officers and overly strict discipline in the military settlement led to the fact that the officers sought the resignation or transfer to other parts. In 1831, while operating Arakcheyev battalions of the regiment fought with the rebels Poles, surrounding villagers started a riot, then at the beginning of 1832 in the barracks complex arrived for permanent kvartirovaniya Grodno Hussars.

Period of stay hussars in Selishche - perhaps the most brilliant in the history of the barracks, despite the fact that because of the distance from St. Petersburg and isolation, a place considered a "reference" for the Hussars. It should be noted that while the complex included the stone barracks located square, regimental parade ground, surrounded by a wide boulevard, arena, watchtower, many stone houses and the house officer of the regimental commander, as well as the Palace on the occasion of the visit of the highest personages. Military camp shirilsya, built stables, infirmary, workshops, small arena, wings, etc.

In 1838, in Grodno hussar regiment was transferred to the great Russian poet MY Lermontov.

From 1843 to 1847. He served in the regiment, MT Loris-Melikov - a representative of the old Armenian family, a famous soldier and statesman, who later became Minister of Internal Affairs under Alexander II. The author of the first Russian constitution.

At the beginning of 1863 the Grodno Hussars left Selishchev, however, and many years later, at the beginning of the XX century, commonly Selischenskie barracks called "hussar staff."

March 19, 1872 during the kvartirovaniya barracks Training cavalry squadron, was born in Selishchev SP Diaghilev - Russian theater and art activist, organizer of the "Russian Seasons" in Paris and the troupe "Russian Ballet of Diaghilev."

At various times in the barracks Selischenskih quartered Training Cavalry Squadron, 37th Artillery Brigade, 20th Cavalry Regiment de Sales, the headquarters of the 4th Cavalry Brigade. During the Great Patriotic War, as well as in civil, in Selishchev housed a hospital, and later - the headquarters of the 59th Army of the Volkhov Front.

Barracks complex was severely damaged in World War II and after its end is not reconstructed. Currently, from the military camp were the ruins of the arena and the church.

Distance: 63 km. GPS: 58.925997, 31.055517.

At 120 kilometers from Saint-Petersburg, the railway station and Rogavka urban village Tesovo-Netylsky Novgorod region. It housed one of the largest Peat USSR belonging to the union "Lentorf", now referred to as JSC "Tesovo-1."

As the number of extracted peat and opening new Peat in 1951 was based Tesovskoe Transport Management (TUT), which was engaged in overdrive and peat transport on the narrow-gauge railway. This company has long rattled as one of the most advanced in the industry.

In the 30 - ies in the northern Novgorod region Priilmenskaya lowland swampy area, which bore the name of Tesova began peat production. There were new settlements torforazrabotchikov, which were later combined into one village - Tesovo - Netylsky. .For hauling peat was built narrow-gauge railway with steam traction and motovoznoy. Around the lake were built Tigoda workers settlements extracted peat planned to deliver on the TPP-8 Nevdubstroe and CHP-5 in Leningrad, but then the war started ... During the war, there was held the defense line, and most of the peat was occupied by the Germans. After the war, as soon as possible UZ has been restored, peat reloaded to wagons of broad gauge and the existing 1926 zh.d.vetke Novolisino - Novgorod sent to consumers.

In the mid 50 - ies the construction of workers' settlements Tesovo - 2 and Tesovo - 4, which is also typical depot were built. The station Tesovo - 1 (aka Tesovo - Netylsky) was built overpass to overload peat locomotive - car shed. On the road, it took root Traffic light signals, communication on locomotives. On the narrow gauge railway passenger traffic has been organized to the village Tesovo - 2, base of the locomotive fleet were steam locomotives.

By 1970, complete reconstruction took place UZ - in the way of reinforced concrete sleepers laid on the arrows installed actuators. On the road, introducing new travel and peat machines in the local design bureau developed new rolling stock on the narrow gauge locomotives were TU4 and tu7 diesel locomotive. Extraction of peat has reached enormous proportions, Peat worked around the clock, with more than a dozen fields exported compositions with peat for 30 or more cars each, with Rogavka station took about 12 broad gauge trains. Throughout TTU system were a total of more than 30 locomotives and rail car. This was the heyday of UZ.
After adjustment TTU, as well as many businesses in the country have been liquidated and all the property was transferred to several new Peat. 1994 was a turning point for the life of the narrow gauge railway - the main consumers of abandoned peat, its production fell to almost zero, it exported only for the needs of township boiler. Rolling started selling or cutting nearly 200-kilometer system UZ also put into scrap metal. It was dismantled on the way Tesovo - 4, in 1995, stopped traffic on Tesovo - 2, and in 2002 he and a way to understand. After several years of work separate, Peat Tesovo - 2 and Tesovo - 4 were eliminated.
Now it operates only Peat "Tesovo - 1" in our time again began to arise interest in the peat - and this is a chance to preserve and develop our NGR

As of 2014 remained about 20 kilometers of paths, peat removal proivodit regularly. Of the remaining equipment TU6A, TU6P, two self-propelled power ESU2A, Track Laying Train.

Excursions

Visits are held on Saturdays in the collection of the group of 5 people. Pre-registration is required. The cost of the trip includes a trip to motodrezine, inspection station and torfopoley, excursions and dinner. Details in the group VK: vk.com/tesovo1

How can I get to

On the road to the village Podberezye M10, then left at the sign "Podberezye Station" and follow the main road that will lead you straight to the village Tёsovo-Netylsky.

Distance: 67 km. GPS: 58.18613, 30.987359.

The land on which the village is located Korostyn, like all the coast of Lake Ilmen, was inhabited by humans since ancient times. During the archaeological excavations of the late XIX century on the banks of the remnants of ancient pagan graves were discovered.

The first mention Korostyn official sources refers to 1471. After Shelonsky battle in which Ivan III defeated the army of the Republic of Novgorod, Moscow-Novgorod ended the war in 1471, put an end to the independence of Novgorod the Great. On the shore of Lake Ilmen Korostynsky peace was made, and the Novgorod nobles swore loyalty to Moscow.

On the high bank in the village Korostyn beautiful views of the expanse of Ilmen, on a wide gravel beach. The shore here is a naked open up to 15 meters. It Ilmensky Glint - output Devonian formations. These scenic spots come to rest inhabitants of Novgorod and Staraya Russa. Off the coast is the pioneer camp "Lake".

The most remarkable building Korostyn - Travel Palace of Alexander I, often visited the military settlements. In Korostyn housed the headquarters of the regiment lodged Barclay de Tolly. The project of the palace designed by architect VP Stasov. The first floor of its stone, the second - a wooden one. Very beautiful loggia on the second floor, with a cast-iron balustrade and wooden four Doric columns, crowned with wooden capitals. The facade facing the ilmenite, the marvelous beach is a steep slope descends wide staircase.

One of the controversial points of interest that appeared in 1997, is a memorial-cemetery of soldiers and officers of the SS Division "Totenkopf", who died here during the war.

Ilmensky Glint

Ilmensky Glint - natural formation in the western part of the southern shore of Lake Ilmen deltas between Lovat and Shelon. At this stage the shore of the lake is a naked open up to 15 meters. The length of the limestone cliff of 8 km. In the area of the village Ustreka Glint erupt through the river and creek Psizha Savateyka flowing into Lake Ilmen.

Ilmensky Glint - the exposure of the extended formations formed in place of the seabed of the Devonian period of the Paleozoic era (began about 420 million years ago, ended around 360 million years ago). In the south-western shore of the lake you can observe the so-called Ilmen layers - blue-green and red clay thin-white sand and the remains of ancient flora and fauna. There are fragments of bones of ancient fishes, and the flowering of diversity that characterized the Devonian period, and the remains of the shells of ancient mollusk. To the east in the river buregskih layers Psizha well looked thin-red and black-crystal yellowish-brown limestone. These layers are also the remains of brachiopods (ancient brachiopods), bivalves, gastropods.

The territory is characterized by limestone cliff Ilmensky exit the warmest in the lakeside climate. From June to October is hot lake "warms" the coast. In summer, the area is less cloudy, longer hours of sunshine. This area is characterized by the lowest rainfall in the area and the longest frost-free period.

In 1962 it was decided to consider Ilmensky Glint natural monument, subject to state protection. Since 2001 it belongs to the Regional Protected Areas. Despite the fact that near the bench prohibited any capital construction, land improvement and even plowing, revealed numerous violations of the regime within the boundaries of the protected zone (100 meters from the cliff).

Last conflict with environmentalists entrepreneurs due to construction in the area Ilmensky clint occurred in 2012.

Getting there

The bluish-green and red clay thin-well observe on the beach Korostyn village located 64 km from Veliky Novgorod and 17 km on the highway Shimskaya Shimsk - Staraya Russa. Out buregskih layers are well visible on the banks of the river in the village Psizha Buregi located 69 km from Veliky Novgorod and 22 km from the highway to Shimskaya Shimsk - Staraya Russa.

Distance: 77 km. GPS: 59.11736, 31.663605.

The great Russian poet Nikolay Nekrasov in 1871 acquired from the landowner Vladimirova two-storey wooden house with outbuilding and garden, 162 tithes of land - property Chudovskaya Luka, followed by a river Kerest. He lived here in the summer and autumn of 1871-76's, hunting and writing poetry.

The estate Chudovskaya Luka or later on impressions of what he saw he wrote poetry "Conflagration", "Morning", "Sadness," "Woe old Nahum", "The Last Year", "The Prophet". The words of a sad, poor, wild side - the first blank for the poem "conflagration" (1863): Oh, you're tired, backwoods Novgorod! Oh, you are weary of poverty and peasants! "Railroad" (1864) occurs in the Novgorod material. Documented description of the road in exactly 644 kilometers. On the conditions of life of the builders, he said angrily: We toil under the scorching heat under the cold, with the ever-bent back, lived in dugouts, fighting hunger, frozen and got wet, sick with scurvy. But Nekrasov believed in the powerful potential of the people: Delivers enough Russian people, and the road Delivers iron - will make all that the Lord will send any! Published in the "Contemporary", "Railways" has caused indignation of censorship - after two cautions in June 1866 magazine closed.

Chudovsky liked the place and the wife of the poet - Zinaida, who rode, hunted. After closing the "Contemporary" in 1868. Nekrasov became editor of "Notes of the Fatherland". Chudovsky old-timers recalled: "He did not like it when he styled gentleman And what a gentleman he was always Went just like all Russian:.? Sharp-nosed boots, blouse ..." Summer 1874 was sometimes a special lift creative forces: 2 month - 977 lines! I left the capital of the opposing field again saw relatives. I went to Paris, Naples, Nice, But I never so sweet was not breathing. ( "Depression") In the same poem Nekrasov wrote about his beloved dog Kado: Kado When the running edge of the forest and wood grouse unintentionally frighten, at full gallop stopping Circassian, lowered the trigger - and the bird falls. Accidentally shot down while hunting Zina Kado - it was buried in the garden and put a dark gray granite slab.

The last months of life Nekrasov seriously ill, and December 27, 1877 died. In succession Chudovskaya Luke went to his brother Constantine and Zinaida Nikolaevna (their share, she sold her sister Anne). Anna in memory of his brother decided to open a school here, but selhozshkolu opened only in 1892, and the v1906 was closed because of misery. During the cholera and typhus hospital located in the building. During the Great Patriotic Germans staged a barracks here, so the manor is preserved. Garden destroyed, stove with grave Kado disappeared. In 1946 (to the 125 th Anniversary of the birth of Nekrasov) on the house installed a plaque: "In this house lived in the summer months 1871-76's the great Russian poet N.A.Nekrasov".

Now Chudovskaya Luke merged with the city. Nekrasov House is at the end of the main street that bears his name. In December 1971 (the 150th anniversary) opened Nekrasov Museum. He often visited and journalist V.Peskov July 20, 1974 left a note: Singer of folk staples and sorrows, your poems, I loved since childhood, but to me they are a mile, the price increase, in the Miracle When I visited your house.

In 2004, after the reconstruction of the museum got a new life. Literary part located in the County Agricultural School building, and in the house of the poet - a memorial. The manor is a monument to "NA Nekrasov, with a dog" (sculptor PM Krivorutsky).

Now the house - except for the literary museum exhibition presents memorial rooms: the office of NA Nekrasov, Zinaida room, living room, guest room.

How can I get to

Address: Chudovo, ul. Kosinova 1.
Opening hours: from 10.00 to 17.00, off Monday.

Distance: 99 km. GPS: 57.986658, 31.366229.

Staraya Russa - the third largest city of the Novgorod region, situated on the banks of rivers Polist and Porus. This is one of the oldest Russian cities, with a long, eventful, history. The modern view of the city is decorated with monuments of ancient architecture: Transfiguration Monastery (founded in the end of the XII century); Mina Church (XIV c.); St. Nicholas Church (XIV-XIX centuries.); Trinity Church and Resurrection Cathedral (end of XVII century) and others. Variety of landscape river flowing through the city. The cozy streets of the city are surrounded by green gardens and parks.

As with most ancient Russian cities, Staraya Russa does not have an exact date or even if it is years since its foundation. The first mention in the annals of the city dates from the 1167 year, but we can say with certainty that the city was founded much earlier. For example, at Trinity excavation site in Novgorod birch-bark scroll was found, dating from the second third of the XI century. (1030-1060 gg.). This literacy mentioned two debtors of "Rous" (Staraya Russa). Archaeological excavations carried out in the most Staraya Russa, suggest that the city existed on this site in 1020-1030 gg., And the depth of the cultural layer confirms the earlier residence of people on the site of the ancient city until the VIII.

The most likely origin of the name versions of Staraya Russa gidronimicheskaya considered, from the name of Porus River, which used to be called simply - Ruz. The name drevnebaltiyskoe river, derived from the root rud-s- / roud-s-, meaning "red." There is also a version of the legendary origin of the name of the city. In "Tale of Slovenia and Ruse" says that the hero by the name Rus settled on this place.

Staraya Russa history is inextricably linked with the history of Veliky Novgorod and the Novgorod Republic. Since the end of the XII century chronicles regularly report on the construction of the city of churches and monasteries, fortifications, of raids, devastating fires, wars. In 1478 under Ivan III the Great Staraya Russa, like the rest of Novgorod Republic, it became part of the Moscow principality. To have survived the interesting results of population census of the town end of the XV century. The city was divided at that time into four end: Rogov, Seredka, Pesy and Minin. In total, the city had in 1133 and 3763 yard resident. For comparison, in Novgorod at the end of the XV century, there were 50-60 thousand. Residents (the largest Russian city at the time).

Salt production was the basis for the emergence, development and growth of the city. During a visit to the city in 1693, Peter I ordered to find ways of old Russian salt production. When Catherine II on the basis of old craft new treasury Salt factory was built, worked until the middle of the XIX century.

In addition to the salt production, the local mineral springs have been known for their healing properties. The first scientific study of water were conducted in 1815 by Dr. FP Haas, who proved their undoubted therapeutic properties. In 1828, physician-physician H. Rauch spent his study of mineral waters and also received information about their medicinal properties. His report was approved, it was decided to establish in Staraya Russa therapeutic mud-bath resort.

The high efficiency of treatment at the resort, the proximity to St. Petersburg, the availability of a wide range of trips of citizens, in fact fashion for "water" in the higher strata of society did Staraya Russa resort, and with it the city a popular holiday destination metropolitan elite. In the second half of the XIX century at the resort it was treated over a thousand patients. Among them - writer and critic NA Dob, poet KM Fofanov composer EF Napravnik artist BM Kustodiev, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich and Alexei. In 1866 on the territory of Old Russian resort by the architect NL Benoit summer theater was built. It gave performances one of the best provincial troupes, here began her career a great actress Vera Komissarzhevskaya, came several times, KS Stanislavsky, visited the theater and Maxim Gorky.

From 1872 to 1880. Staraya Russa was a great Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky. During your stay in the city of the writer were written the novel "Teenager", the head of the novels "The Brothers Karamazov", "Demons", page "Writer's Diary" and other works. The house of the writer, formerly owned by retired Colonel AK Gribben, preserved to this day. Every year in the house-museum hosts international literary readings.

In 1878 was the opening of the railway along the route Novgorod - Staraya Russa, connecting the resort to St. Petersburg and Moscow. Originally from the railway station Chudovo to Staraya Russa was a narrow gauge. Passengers from the capital had to change in Chudovo. Along the route plied 2 staff on a daily basis. In the future, in addition to the passenger, on a branch Chudovo - Staraya Russa was opened and freight traffic. In 1916, under the broad gauge 1524 mm reconstructed first portion Chudovo - Novgorod, Novgorod and then - Shimsk. The last section of the railway from Shimskaya to Staraya Russa was reconstructed under the standard track after the Revolution in 1923. During the Great Patriotic War, the railroad has been hit hard, but it was decided not to restore it. The remaining intact rails were sent to restore the country's most important rail arteries.

During the Great Patriotic War from August 9, 1941 to February 18, 1944 Staraya Russa was occupied by Nazi troops. In the city of fierce fighting. At the time of release in the ruined city there was not a resident. April 6, 2015 Staraya Russa was awarded the honorary title of City of Military Glory.

At the request of the administration Starorussky municipal district and the city of Staraya Russa prior to the administration of the Novgorod Region and the Ministry of Culture, it was decided about the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the history of Staraya Russa in 2015

The resort of Staraya Russa

The resort "Staraya Russa" - mud-bath, that is, treatment is carried out mud and mineral waters. The main wealth of the resort - a unique sulfide-silt mud "Old Russian", not having in its composition and therapeutic action of analogues in the world. The resort is located nine mineral springs (chloride-calcium-sodium) is not inferior to the healing properties of the sources of the Czech Republic and Germany; two drinking source with weak mineralization combined in drinking gallery, other sources form three mineral lakes and flood stream Voye, not freezing all year.

The official history of the resort "Staraya Russa" began in 1828, although the curative properties of the local mineral springs have been known earlier. City Staraya Russa emerged and developed thanks to the salt pans, based on the sources of water. The first scientific study of old Russian mineral water produced in 1815 by Dr. FP Haas, who proved their undoubted therapeutic properties. In 1828, physician-physician H. Rauch spent his study of mineral waters and also received information about their medicinal properties. His report was approved, it was decided to establish in Staraya Russa medical institution for the lower ranks of the Russian army.

Construction of the resort began in 1834 on the site of a ruined monastery on the shores of the salt lake. The first patients began to resort soldiers in need of treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and illnesses. Gradually, the resort grew, in 1837 there was a second building, intended for the treatment of the nobility. In 1854 the military department of the resort was transferred to the management of specific concern to the Office of the imperial property.

Thank sources grew rapidly. In the second half of the XIX century at the resort it was treated over a thousand patients. Among them - writer and critic NA Dob, poet KM Fofanov composer EF Napravnik artist BM Kustodiev, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich and Alexei. With the resort theater associated with the beginning of the creative activity of the great Russian actress VF Komissarzhevskaya. In July and August 1904 at the resort treated Maxim Gorky, in the presence of the writer in the resort theater stages his play "Philistines". By the beginning of XX century Staraya Russa resort it was much cheaper than the Caucasian Mineral Waters, was accessible, located near St. Petersburg.

After the October Revolution, the resort reopened in 1919. Since 1925, the first resort of Staraya Russa in the country moved on a year-round job. By 1941, the resort reaches its maximum development, and has 1100 beds.

During the Great Patriotic War of Staraya Russa resort it was completely destroyed. Moreover, there were not only destroyed all the buildings of the resort, but the construction of water pipelines and dams. Almost all was carved the resort park. Naked mud oxidized and were washed away by rain.

After the war, the resort complex is gradually recovering: construction of new housing, mud baths, drinking gallery.

The symbol and decoration of the resort is a powerful mineral Muraviovka of flowing fountain. Until 1894 well it looks like a wooden pipe with a bowl, through which water is poured. In 1890-1895 GG well was reconstructed in the form of a fountain, over which the metal glazed pavilion was built. By the tent they were added to the gallery. As such Muraviovka fountain stood until World War II, during which it was completely destroyed. After the restoration of the fountain is open, and the pressure of the jet had to be reduced due to the negative impact of salt water on the trees growing around.

Modern resort "Staraya Russa" - is a hotel complex, mud baths, and water park with swimming pool, Terme, a spa center, gym, restaurant, bowling, a disco bar, a large park with salt lakes and the beach. The management plans - further reconstruction of the resort, construction of new sites for its guests.

We also add that the resort was one of celebration sites 1000th anniversary of Staraya Russa in 2015

Medieval Manor rushanina

Medieval Manor rushanina - Museum reconstruction under the open sky. The museum allows you to plunge into the atmosphere of a medieval town, to get acquainted with the life and the traditional salt production residents of Staraya Russa. To date, the estate built saltworks, woodsheds, barnyard, sauna, chalet (entrance there still closed, are finishing work), and paling bridge. The plans of the construction of the forge, barn and cage. The basis of the museum based on the materials of archaeological excavations in Staraya Russa, in particular Pyatnitskiy excavation, which is in close proximity to the museum.

The idea to recreate the old Russian way of life of the Middle Ages was born back in the 1970s, when in the course of large-scale archaeological excavations carried out in the city were found the remains of yards, houses, salt production furnace bridge. Scientists to whom opened authentic centuries-old history of the city, its inhabitants, their crafts and way of life, wanted to recreate one of the courtyards rushanina-salt works.

The original concept of the museum of the estate was developed in 2006. After a few years the municipality has allocated a grant and a platform for the implementation of the project. Head of Cooperation Old Russian archaeological expedition Elena Vladimirovna Toropova with entrepreneurs and philanthropists Oleg Suvorov and Yury Kuznetsov allowed to start the construction of a living history museum with the maximum precision in the shortest possible time. When planning, it was decided to change the location of the seat of the estate. It was bought land in the historic part of the city opposite the entrance to the resort near the Pyatnitskiy archaeological excavation. Construction of the museum began in April 2014

Planning, layout, configuration and dimensions of buildings are reproduced based on the real data of archaeological excavations in Staraya Russa. Scientists have tried as much as possible authentically recreate the salt works yard. For example, wind braces saltworks reconstructed from originals found in the excavation.

Rushanina medieval farmstead consisted of several buildings. They stood crowded in a small yard.

The hut consisted of several buildings. The living rooms are heated in winter and summer. After the passage took place in the three-story "povalushu". The third floor was intended for drying herbs and berries fees. The first two floors were used during festivals. Povalushey this room was called because when the guests were drunk at the feast, then slept side by side. Cottage and bath were heated in black.

Pride of the museum - a saltworks. The creators of the museum tried to reconstruct it with the best match-known and reliable historical sources. Unfortunately, our time is not reached and the image description of the medieval old Russian saltworks. The oldest image dates from the XVII century. I had to rely on the well-known medieval construction techniques, salt production process and archaeological finds.

Produced in the old Russian mineral springs brine fed into Varnita. It had wooden room, which was held in the salt extraction. Here, we set the oven, over which hung tsren - a kind of pan evaporation. The furnace is constantly maintained the fire, boiling the brine. salt works The work was difficult, required skills, experience and the uncommon strength. Master and his assistants prepared tsren to cooking, to monitor the state of boiling brine, cleaned the dirt, scum, caught the moment when the salt begins to form. The resulting salt was dried and scraped.

Of the one hundred liters of water would be about 1,8 kg of salt. To do this, you need about a day to evaporate the brine. Energy-intensive process, takes a lot of firewood. The whole forest around Staraya Russa before leaving for salt production, and therefore the salt was very expensive in those days. Next to the saltworks, like in a museum, I have always been a great woodsheds.

Souvenir salt, which is sold in the estate, and the old-fashioned boiled out of the old Russian mineral water. This is done not in a salt furnace museum, and shop in sanitary conditions. Water for the preparation of the salt is taken in Tsaritsynsky mineral source.

The estate of a medieval rushanina takes about 15-17 acres. To date, the Museum has completed the first phase of construction, which lasted 1.5 years. By the summer tourist season 2016 it will complete work on the interior decoration of the hut. In the future it is planned to build a forge, barn and salt mill (farm building for inventory).

On the creation of the museum of the estate under the open sky for scientists and builders had gone more than a year, but now tourists who come to Staraya Russa, can see the true historical reconstruction of the life of our ancestors.

The house-museum of Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Far beyond the borders of the country known for the house-museum of FM Dostoevsky. The great Russian writer came to Staraya Russa in 1872 and went to live in a house formerly owned by retired Colonel AK Gribben. For several years, the city became a writer and his family a permanent place of rest, "a place of physical and moral rest." During the stay of the writer in Staraya Russa he created the novel "Teenager", the head of the novels "The Brothers Karamazov", "Demons", page "Writer's Diary" and other works. As in the past, is on the quiet riverside Pererytitsy, lush green branchy willows, among which the writer loved to walk, his home. In it recreated the interiors of the six rooms of the memorial, which shows the real furniture of the nineteenth century, photographs, documents, books, things that belonged to Fedor Mikhailovich and his family members.

Workers Houses - Museum - dedicated people engaged in this activity for many years - talk about the prototypes of heroes of his works, that is about real people who lived at one time in our city, whose portraits and used in his novels writer. Until now, in the city of Staraya Russa there is the house in which lived the heroes of "The Brothers Karamazov" - it was his and Fyodor described in this work. Not only are real people and real buildings, but also the very nature of the city is reflected in the novels of the writer.

Every year in our city in the House - the museum there are regular international literary readings. Usually they are held either on the birthday or the day of the death of Fyodor Mikhailovich. They come not only from all parts of our country, but also from near and far abroad, including from - overseas. These are numerous on the number of participants in the meeting, in which people share their impressions of the reading, read aloud the works of the writer, express their opinions and points of view, discuss them, that is, going to people who like works of Dostoevsky.

Getting there

Staraya Russa is located 99 km from Veliky Novgorod, 300 km from St. Petersburg, 550 km from Moscow, 210 km from Pskov.

Distance: 110 km. GPS: 58.139568, 32.856417.

The bridge is in Krestetsky District, over light density rail Valdai - Sacra. Built approximately in 1914-1916 years. The height of the bridge - 18 meters, like a 9-storey building.

In the Novgorod region there is little stone bridges, and the more of this size. The bridge is overgrown on all sides. As, however, and the entire line of Valdai - Sacra.

Iron Valdai road - Sacra was part of a project of Narva - Luga - Novgorod - Bronnitsy - Valdai, which was built during the First World War, including, and for strategic reasons.

At the same time, in the same place, it implemented another project - the railway Petrograd - Novgorod - Bronnitsy - Soblago - Smolensk - Eagle. Well-known bulls on the Volkhov were to become pillars of the railway bridge these two projects.

Both projects were never fully implemented. There is a version that it was because of the cultural heritage of Novgorod. The project made a lot of noise in the then cultural circles, as the railroad was to be held in the immediate vicinity of the Rurik Gorodischai Church of the Savior on Nereditsa and change the local landscape as a whole.

According to another version, the construction stopped due to the fact that in 1918 Soviet Russia signed the Brest peace treaty with Germany. Because of this agreement eliminated the need for the construction of many strategic roads.

One thing is certain, if the two railroads were completed, Novgorod today would be a very different city scale and significance. In Moscow, we would have went through the Valdai, and many trains from St. Petersburg to Moscow to go through Novgorod.

From the first project implemented only portions Novgorod - Batetskaya - Meadows and Valdai - Sacra. Both sites were built in 1916. From the second - Novgorod (Preduzlovaya-Pavlovskaya) - Novolisino (1914 - 1918, 1918 -. 1922.). In addition to the two sites, the project remained Orel Street and a mound of Myachenskih Lakes to the village Sacra.

How to find this place?

According to M10 / E105 Moscow - St. Petersburg to the village of Yarina. From Veliky Novgorod about 110 km. With the M10 you need to move out at the sign on the bells village. Further along the dirt road to the crossing, about 3 km. By moving to the right, 1 km. walking along the tracks.

Distance: 120 km. GPS: 58.3854, 32.994383.

In the Novgorod region, 15 km from the town of Okulovka, near the village of Borok Small, lurking very interesting manor "Cherished". Or rather - what was left of it. At the beginning of the last century there lived engineer Michael Antonovich Tokarski. At the site of the farm he built for himself and his family's estate.

Unfortunately, after such a short historical period of time, from the estate almost nothing left. Pilfered almost everything on the stones, and the war played a role.

On the territory remained the main gate, the remains of a fountain, a chapel and other buildings miraculously preserved, whose purpose it is hard to understand.

Around the wetlands here in the summer is likely unrealistic number of mosquitoes. But apparently once very impressed engineer Tokarski story of a dog of the Baskervilles.

Chapel - the only completely preserved building. Admire her surrounded by woods, penetrated by sunlight, it can be infinite. Inside the decoration of the chapel is very bizarre, is not often seen in Russia, it is obvious, the engineer was a Westerner to the core.

Distance: 130 km. GPS: 58.688735, 32.605169.

Country Complex "Mstinsky hill" is located in a picturesque area of the Novgorod region on the bank of the river MSTA. From the top of the cliff offers a beautiful panorama of the bend of the river, on which the banks are crowded village houses surrounded by pine forests. Right next to the complex is Mstinsky bridge on the railway St. Petersburg - Moscow.

The slopes, slopes, lifts

Country Sports Complex "Mstinsky coaster" is primarily known as a ski resort. The complex is open four-lit ski slopes:

• red, length 240 meters, difficult slope;


• orange, length 300 meters, Half Pipe;


• green, length 450 meters, the slope for beginners;


• purple, length 300 meters, the new slope.

All slopes are equipped with rope tows. At the beginning of 2016 on the slopes of the system was launched artificial snow, through which ski resort is less dependent on weather conditions. Artificial snowmaking allows, first, before start the ski season, and secondly, contain slopes in good condition, third, and later to finish the ski season.

On the territory of the ski resort can hire snowboard and ski equipment. Conducts classes with instructors. "Mstinsky coaster" suitable for beginners, for the first time embarked on a board or skis, and who wish to recall the riding skills, have fun on the slopes.

In addition to the ski slopes in the "Mstinsky roller coaster" is equipped with a slide for driving on cheesecakes. The complex is filled with ice rink. Skates and cheesecakes can be rented. It offers walks on snowmobiles.

In suburban complex "Mstinsky coaster" year round open hotel and restaurant. The territory has a panoramic terrace, a children's playground, sauna, barbecue area. In the summer working tennis courts and an outdoor pool.

Getting there

Of Veliky Novgorod and St. Petersburg on the highway M10 "Russia" to the village Spassky Polist. Further along the road P53 through Malaya Vishera. From Malaya Vishera go on P53 about 30 km, then turn right at the sign of the village settlement (on the turn will be a pointer to a "Mstinsky hills").

Distance: 140 km. GPS: 58.035733, 33.256597.

"Cool place" - a recreation center, where you can forget about the daily routine and be alone with nature.

What is special in this recreation?

There is a fish restaurant, which serves delicious dishes of fresh fish. You can catch the fish themselves, and prepare it cooks of the restaurant for you. Menu fish restaurant "cool place" offers a taste of trout, carp and sturgeon. Next to the restaurant there are ponds with fish that allows the use of only fresh fish for cooking.

The huge territory, which is the equipped pond for comfortable fishing. Mirror carp, grass carp, carp, japanese, sturgeon - that's what you can catch here. On the shore of the pond there are bridges for fishermen, benches, gazebos, barbecues. Moreover, your catch can be prepared starting from a restaurant of your taste preferences.

Also, you can always come to the base of "cool place" to buy fresh fish for home cooking for the holiday or family dinner. Base "cool place" offers several wooden cottages with rooms to stay from which you can choose the most suitable. The recreation center is built in a pine forest, near the national park "Valdai".

Distance: 140 km. GPS: 57.980199, 33.246667.

The earliest mention of the name "Valdai" is contained in the Novgorod birchbark manuscripts number 740 dated 1140-1151 years, where there is a speech about duty or Tax Valdai 15 kuna; it may be talking about the region as a whole, rather than on a specific populated area, which is definitely the first time mentioned in 1495 as a village Valdai selishte. The name is given by the location at Lake Valdai, and comes from the Baltic tribes formerly inhabited these places - Lat. valda (rules).

Until 1654 - the village palace, and then until 1764 was transferred to the Iberian monastery.

May 28, 1770 received the status of city Valdai. Location Valdai on the post road between Moscow and St. Petersburg, the city promoted the prosperity and development of craft in it. Valdai craftsmen cast big bells and small bells, renowned throughout Russia. The Valdai visited Alexander Radishchev and Alexander Pushkin, Nikolay Nekrasov, Vladimir Serov, Gavrila Derzhavin.

Today Valdai - a city in Russia, administrative center of the municipal district of the Valdai Novgorod region. The population of about 15,000 people.

The city is located in the Valdai Hills, near Lake Valdai, 140 km south-east of the Great Novgorod, 386-omkilometre federal highway Moscow - St. PeterburgM10 (E 105). Railway station Oktyabrskaya railway on the lines: Bologoe Moscow - Valdai - Staraya Russa - Bottom-1, Valdai - Sacra (passenger traffic is absent).

Valdai is a popular tourist destination. Russia's only museum of bells housed in the building of the palace church "In the name of Catherine the Great» (XVIII century). The museum features a variety of bells and chimes, as well as various information about kolokoliteynyh manufactures and masters of pre-revolutionary Russia. In the museum there are bells, brought from different places in Russia, as well as from Sweden, Germany and other countries.

Near the central square of Valdai (Freedom Square) houses the Museum of the county town.

On the island of Lake Valdai - Iver Monastery. Valdai is located within the boundaries of the Valdai National Park.

The sights of Valdai are also Vvedensky church, demanding the restoration of the church of St. Peter and Paul's Chapel James Borovichi, park estates Vakhrusheva and Menshikov, Solovёvsky Park and others.

Valdai region

Among the beautiful hills, ancient forests, in the heart of the Valdai Hills, on the shores of beautiful Lake Valdai is a small ancient city Valdai. He almost five centuries. Valdai appeared on the highway Moscow - Novgorod. Valdai Hills is a unique region of Russia in natural and geological characteristics.

Valdai Hills - is a collective name for a number of moraine ridges and hills, among which stands out most clearly Valdai, Ostashkovskaya and Vyshevolotskaya ridge. Hence from a small key begins the way the river Volga, where the origins of the Dnieper and the Western Dvina, most of the Neva water is collected from the Valdai Hills, MSTA, Volkhov, hundreds of smaller rivers, hundreds of lakes, thousands of springs of which dozens have value as sources of healing mineral water. In fact, the Valdai Hills is the main source of fresh water in Russia. Recent studies show that there is a huge network of underground aquifers caves.

A special place among the water of unique objects of nature takes Valdai Lake. It is a unique object of nature, have global significance. Valdai Lake is among the ten most clear lakes with a unique undulating terrain, many islands, surrounded by almost untouched pristine forests.

It even says the word itself is Valdai, which translated from the ancient "Valda" means "bright", "clean". The lake consists of two stretches - Valdai and Dolgoborodskogo, it covers an area of 20 square kilometers. The largest of its length measured in 10 kilometers and a maximum width - 5 in a narrow channel (90 meters) it is connected to the lake 10 km Dinner area, but with a more branched relief, having in some places the depth of 40 meters.. In comparison with such lakes as ilmenite or Seliger, Valdai lake small. But even more surprising its depth - in some places it reaches 60 meters. This depth is not present at one of the many hundreds of lakes in the Novgorod region.

Data exploration (drilling) have shown that by this the lake is a huge lake is several times greater than the upper bound to the lower cleft. The waters of the lake are replenished underground springs and 23 streams and rivers. Lake Valdai dinner and have a common drain - the river Valdayka flowing into the lake Piros. There is also a small dam built by Peter I. Nearby there are several small lakes dry up at certain times of the year and fills (with fish) from the crevices, covered with a swamp in the middle of them.

On the shore of Lake Valdai is Research Hydrological Laboratory. The climate and vegetation of the Valdai region is unique and very different from the climate in the average in the Novgorod region. This is due to the fact that the Valdai is almost the highest point of the Valdai Hills (Popova Gora - 283 meters above the level of the Baltic Sea). And Tsareva mountains, not far from the town, on a clear day can be seen in the misty distance expanse of Lake Ilmen. These natural and geographical conditions determined the originality of flora Valdai region.

Flora deciduous taiga zone is represented in all its diversity and beauty. In the forests grow spruce and pine, rowan and juniper, cedar uncommon and ginseng. Separate high places (more than 200 meters above sea level) lose the specific features of this zone and resemble landscapes of the southern taiga. In deciduous forests dominated by birch and pine. On sandy soils grow pine mednostvolnye forming light drills. On the open sun towering oaks meadows. This vegetation gives a special beauty to the islands of Lake Valdai.

These unique natural conditions have been noted by the state, and it assigned the Valdai area protected zone status. This is allows you to save the pristine nature. The Valdai forests, as before, bears, wolves, moose, otters, martens, squirrels, bobcats, raccoons, bobcats, etc. Currently Valdai is a tourist paradise, but fortunately, little known and therefore not crap. There are a number of hotels and camp sites, but they have not yet changed the primordial identity of the coast to the predominant part of it, and in the forests of the complete absence of civilization, especially now, so lovers of pristine nature and the difficulties - this is the place for you.

Distance: 150 km. GPS: 57.988932, 33.303872.

Iversky Svyatoozersky Virgin Monastery is located on the Novgorod land, and in a completely one of the picturesque islands of Lake Valdai, renamed for the occasion of the establishment of the monastery in 1654 in the Holy.

Built in the XVII century by Patriarch Nikon, in the image of the Iberian monastery on Mount Athos, he was the embodiment of the idea of continuity in the Russian Byzantine heritage of spiritual culture. Becoming rich and famous of the monasteries of that time, the monastery became the center of spiritual enlightenment, one of the few centers of printing in Russia, a place where were born and developed craft.

Pages of history

In 1655 in the Iberian monastery brothers moved Belarusian, Orsha Kucein monastery of more than 70 people. The move was linked to harassment of Orthodox believers from the Uniates. Natives of Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania joined later Iveron brotherhood. Steward was appointed monk Dionysius II from among the brethren who came. Among the monks was the future Patriarch - Joachim, as well as Isaac Polotsk - the brother of Simeon of Polotsk. The monks moved with him to a new place all their possessions, and a printing house. With the advent of Kucein monks, began to develop printing and bookbinding skills. It was a novelty for Russia, because before that in the country there was only one printing house - Sovereign's Printing House in Moscow. New printing house located on the corner tower of the Patriarchal Monastery. Through the efforts of the brothers in two years managed to establish printing, and an 8-year existence it has been published in the monastery:

• "Book of Hours", two editions (1657 and 1658 years.);


• "Ray thought," the monk Stephen Athos essay with the application, which includes Nikon's narrative: the structure of the Iberian monastery on the holy lake and the phenomenon of transference and the holy relics of the righteous Jacob Borovichi, (1659);


• "Brashno spiritual" (1661);


• Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich diploma estates on salaries and benefits Iver Monastery (1665).

With the arrival in the Iberian monastery monks Kucein there are new craft: the printers, bookbinders and translators. There are skilled craftsmen in wood carving, fine painters. The monastery dates back production in Russia colored tiles. To have survived partially preserved tiles in one of the windows of the housing rectory.

Assumption Cathedral - In 1656 the first building of the monastery was completed. At the same time it was built and a wooden fence with ten tented towers and four gates carriageways.

16 December of the same year was solemnly consecrated the cathedral of the monastery church. At the celebration, together with the Patriarch Macarius arrived Metropolitan of Novgorod and Krutitsy Pitirim, Archbishop of Tver Lawrence and numerous clergy of various dioceses in Russia. On the Patriarch funds for this celebration was poured special bell master Alexander Grigoriev. The bell weighed 1000 pounds, and had a picture of Patriarch Nikon. Even unfinished monastery amazed gaze arrived pilgrims at the consecration of the monastery. "Truly it is not like in the world" - said about his Iver Monastery researcher Paul of Aleppo. The mighty snow-white cathedral, as if carved from a monolith, decorated with gilded iconostasis and a huge chandelier "brass", specially written out from abroad, "the size of a large tree with flowers, birds and indescribable curiosities." This also was delivered from Moscow richly decorated copy of the miraculous icon of the Mother of God. Icon hit all its magnificence and expensive decoration. According to the testimony of Paul of Aleppo: "... the icon above every surprise strikes the eye and mind of the viewer: no like it, even in the treasury of the king or his Church, because we have seen all the icons ...". The value of this icon ornaments reached while more than 44,000 rubles in silver. Patriarch Nikon banned all icon painters do with her lists and copies.

Amazing was not only an icon of the Iberian Mother of God, but also the story of the coming of the shrine in the monastery.

The future Patriarch Nikon, heard about the many miracles exudes from the Iberian Icon of the Holy Mount Athos, and wished to make a list of her image. He addressed such a request to Athos, Archimandrite Pachomius. The icon was brought to Russia in 1648, together with a letter from a brother of the Iberian monastery, which said: "... bringing all the brethren 365 brethren, and created esm great moleben, in the evening and to light, and the Holy esm water with the holy relics, and holy water poured miraculous icon of the Theotokos old Portaitskuyu and great tub that holy water is collected and gathered, packs poured new CMC (board) that did all of the cypress trees. and again gathered the holy water in the tub and then served as the Holy and Divine liturgy with great boldness. and after the liturgy gave the holy water and holy relics icon painter, his father, Mr Romanov Jamblicus to him mixing the holy water and holy relics of paint, write a holy icon. " Further it stated that the iconographer "tokmo on Saturday and Sunday to eat food, and brethren, by twice a week made Vespers and the Liturgy. And the icon novopisannaya not differ either than that of the first icons of any length or width, no face, just a word-for-word new aki old. "

Accompany this image of Mount Athos monks entrusted to Cornelius and Nikiforov. Already on the way to Moscow the icon was glorified by miracles. In crossing the Danube on the border of Athos monks were arrested, most of them required a fee. Without money, they decided to go back. That same night, he was in a dream the Virgin and strengthened them, promising an ambulance. At the same time, Our Lady appeared to the Greek merchant Manuel and asked him to help the monks. The merchant paid the required amount, and the monks went on.

In Moscow Iver icon was solemnly received by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the church hierarchy, and numerous people. In the Iberian monastery the icon was delivered in 1656 for the consecration of the Cathedral of the Assumption.

Upon the death of Archimandrite Dionysius II of its successor was Archimandrite Filofei. The monastery receives the status of a first-class, just increases the number of monks to 200 people. The special position of the monastery abbot noted arhimandritskim dignity and the right to officiate in his miter, with a club, with ripidami on eagles and overshadowing, and with the 1759 Metropolitan of Novgorod Dimitri was allowed to wear the mantle with the tablets and the bishop's staff. That advantage enjoyed superiors of the Iberian monastery until its closure in 1919.

Without Iver monastery remained in a flourishing condition. On the Big Church Council in 1666 Primate was convicted and deposed from the patriarchal cathedra. During opals Nikon all its monasteries: Iversky Valdai, Onega Cross and Resurrection New Jerusalem were closed. This monastery confessed to create a "no statutes of the Holy Fathers", whereby the ancestral lands were taken by the treasury, while the construction of their stops. Iver brothers together with the abbot was posted to different monasteries of other monasteries. However, in 1668 a severe sentence was canceled, and in the Iberian monastery returned Filofei Archimandrite and the brethren, as all previously selected privileges and lands were returned.

The main structure is Iver Monastery Assumption Cathedral, which to this day has not lost its greatness. This is one of the largest buildings of the XVII century in Russia. Cathedral is simple and monumental architectural forms. Dedication of the Cathedral in honor of the Mother of God and find in him the miracle-working icon was originally identified subjects of wall paintings inside the church. Along with the traditional image of the New Testament, on the walls of the temple there are many stories of the lives of saints connected with the help of the grace of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The wall painting tells of the infinite mercy of the Mother of God to the human race and its miraculous power of holy icons. An important place in the decoration of events given in the history of Iver monastery on Mount Athos: the capture of Mount Athos under the special protection of the Mother of God, the phenomenon of the Iberian Icon of the Holy Mountain and the procession to her Waters monk Gabriel. Depicted in the history of the coming of the Valdai Monastery list with the miraculous image. The columns are placed numerous images of the most revered saints.

Ancient painting of the Assumption Cathedral to this day has not been preserved. She was knocked down during repair work XVIII - XIX centuries. 1689 - The original painting was done in 1688. Matthew monastic masters Karpov "with his friends." In 1704, it damaged the interior of the Cathedral in the "exorbitant great fire", and has been restored by the same master. In the middle of the XVIII century cathedral it is painted over, but much of it was lost during the new renovations in the 30s of XIX century. New oil painting was done Ostashkovskaya masters Ivan and Andrei Mitin. In the second half of the XIX century happened twice updated the painting of the Assumption Cathedral. Interior view of the Cathedral perfectly complements the magnificent shestiyarusny carved iconostasis in the Baroque style with icons Matthew Karpov and Vasily Potapov. To this day, the original decoration of the cathedral preserved forged lattice door and oak carved doors of the XVII century.

Inventories XVIII - XIX centuries. give an idea of the inner and outer form of the monastery. Inside the monastery are:

• Cathedral Church of the Assumption of the Virgin "on the 5 chapters", around which was a large gallery with two tents in the form of chapels, which housed the monastery's vestry and library (1653-1656 gg.);


• warm stone Cathedral of the Epiphany with a porch and dining room, in the porch of the chapel was the Rev. Nile Stolobensky (1666-1671 gg.);


• on the south side of the monastery a large three-storey building - at the bottom of cellars and storerooms, abbot at the top and fraternal cells (1679-1689 gg.);


• stone three-storey bell tower with 13 bells (1679-1689 gg.);


• left of it - two-storey stone outbuilding fraternal cells 1679-1689 gg);


• in the western part of the monastery - a two-storey building with cellars fraternal (1730);


• Archangel gate with stone church of Archangel Michael (1683-1689 gg.);


• a two-storey stone building living cells adjacent to Mikhailova (Patriarch) tower (1683-1689 gg.);


• holy gates Gate Church of St. Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow (1656 .; 1874-1875.);


• in the north-east corner - the Church of St. James of Borovichi, with a stone two-storey building hospitals cells (1702-1708 gg.).

And were stables, barns, sauna. The monastery was surrounded by a stone wall with six towers, the largest of which was called the Patriarch.

Iver Monastery to the beginning of the XVIII century is lacking and is in decline. From 1712 to 1730. abode with all property and land is attributed to building while the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. During these years, Iver Monastery loses with autonomy and much of their church property. Sacristy of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra replenished expensive rectory miters with diamonds and pearls large, expensive vestments, altar cross four gold, two large bells and numerous economic assets.

In drawing up the spiritual state in 1764 Valdai Iver Monastery was included in the first class, and the Novgorod diocese put on the second place after the Yuriev Monastery.

Despite the bad material side, the monastery was distinguished by high pious and spiritual life of the brothers. He is known for his exploits Silent Pachomius, who came to the monastery in the middle of the XIX century. He gladly performed the most difficult obedience and died kneeling praying in his cell. Of particular prominence acquired the abbot of the monastery, Archimandrite Lawrence. His spirituality, kindness and gentle disposition, he won universal respect. He was the spiritual guide is not only for the monks of the monastery, but also for many people in Valdai and its environs.

A lot of effort put Archimandrite Lavrenty to revive the spiritual and economic life of the monastery. a new cancer was made in 1858 for the holy relics of James Borovichi. The miraculous icon of the Iberian Mother of God has been decorated with new golden riza and precious stones. In 1861, it was renovated and gilded iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral. At its rector was renovated monastery churches and residential buildings, acquired a lot of valuable utensils of the monastery. He also organized a "hospice", where he took numerous pilgrims and wanderers. Iver monastery fed thousands of people, and it is not stocks is lacking. All took the abbot, comforted as I could, arranged for the night, watching those who came to the monastery pilgrims were fed and happy. "It is our duty before the Queen of Heaven" - says Brother Lawrence's father.

Especially a lot of guests visited the monastery to celebrate the Iberian Mother of God, celebrated on Tuesday of Bright Week. The rector Archimandrite Lawrence were installed solemn processions with the miraculous icon of the city of Valdai, Borovichi, Novgorod by counties and neighboring provinces.

Help of God and the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary is constantly manifested in various miraculous phenomena. In 1848, when a cholera epidemic was raging in almost all of Russia, taking many lives. Then the inhabitants of Valdai, terrified of death, not relying on medications, have resorted to the prayerful intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Taking the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God, all the people with a solemn procession and prayer hope hedged it around town. Prayer for deliverance from cholera have been heard, and the intercession of the Queen of Heaven, the disease began to weaken and then completely stopped. In memory of this event in the next year the Holy Synod approved the Government to make an annual procession of Iver monastery around the town of Valdai with prayerful singing. Processions as committed and feast day: The Assumption of the Mother of God, the Epiphany, the feast day of St. James of Borovichi. The religious processions attended by not only the residents of the surrounding towns and villages, but also many pilgrims from distant vesey. In those days, the number of pilgrims to the holy monastery reached 10 - 15 thousand people.

Inside the monastic life differed strict charter. The monastery was strict selection of those wishing to devote his life to God, but not all kept monastic obedience.

At the beginning of the XX century in the monastery church writer frequented SA Nilus, with his family, they lived in Valdai about 5 years.
The last abbot of Iver monastery before the revolution was the Archimandrite Joseph (Nicholas). In 1920 Archimandrite Joseph was ordained bishop of the city of Valdai.

After the events of 1917, the monastery of the situation has changed for the worse. Since January 1918 the Soviet government constantly requisitioned the monastery bread, cattle, fish, as well as vegetables and fruits. a special unit by the decision of the district executive committee came to the monastery for the requisition of "surplus grain" June 15, 1918. Monks hit the alarm and the inhabitants of Valdai, loved and revered holy abode, rebelled against such audacity. The entire population of the city as one, took to the streets, seized the armory and dismantled weapons. Come to the island armed group anxiously watched the growth of the people on the opposite bank. Archimandrite Joseph was invited to go with a group, and to reassure people gathered Valdai. Rector agreed. When approaching the shore boats were fired, and a random bullet wounded Archimandrite. The victim abbot medical assistance, and seizure immediately canceled. The next day at Valdai was introduced martial law and used the armed forces to restore order.

In the autumn of 1918 the Soviet government making a new attempt to storm the Iberian monastery. At that time, it was taken away from the monastery: a golden robe with the miraculous icon of the Iberian, all ancient and precious things liturgical use. Soon, however, by order of the Commissioner Narcompros all things were returned, the campaign to seize church property will begin in a few years and, of course, at that time the Iberian monastery is completely looted. At the same time the monks were selected keys from the monastery storerooms and barns. The monastery formed the Working Committee, which demanded that the abbot of its complete subordination in monastic affairs.

In 1919 the monastery was transformed into the Iberian labor cooperative with its charter registered by Soviet power. Artel consisted of 70 people, had 5 hectares of monastery land and 200 hectares - occupied by gardens, orchards, plowing, grazing. In the lean years of Bolshevism abode he engaged in works of charity and distributed free bread to the local population.

In 1927, the Iberian labor gang inspected the People's Commissariat. The report noted that the labor community "is too closely linked to the miraculous icon of the Iberian". This led to its removal from the register and the intention to "clean up the territory of the monastery of unearned elements". The monastery was closed and the Iberian Mother of God in gold and ornate salary taken away in an unknown direction.

During the Soviet regime in the territory was the Historical Archives Museum, Local History Museum. In the 30 years of workshops were located in the monastery premises. In wartime, there was a hospital, and then home for disabled war veterans, and the forest school for children with tuberculosis. In the 70 years of the village there was an island, and the recreation center was opened on the territory of the monastery.

In 1991, the monastery was in disrepair, was returned to Novgorod diocese.

The first governor of the monastery after the transfer of his diocese became abbot Stefan (ETR).

In 1998, Archbishop Leo (Tserpitsky) consecrated the church of the Epiphany. There were renewed liturgy in the Assumption Cathedral.

Vicar of the monastery from 2003 - Archimandrite Ephraim (Barbinyagra).

In late 2007, a comprehensive restoration of the monastery was completed.

January 11, 2008 for the dedication of the restored Assumption (Iver) cathedral in the monastery expected arrival Patriarch Alexy. January 12th Patriarch celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the cathedral Iver temple (temple was the original dedication) monastery before performed the rite of consecration of the cathedral Small. After the liturgy, the Patriarch celebrated a prayer service, which was attended by the President of Russia VV Putin.

In April 2008, it was reported on the decision for the first time five gild the domes of the Cathedral of the Assumption, on that "will need about three thousand so-called" golden books "."

There is a small museum dedicated to the Patriarch Nikon and the history of the monastery.

Distance: 160 km. GPS: 59.666943, 30.796821.

Sablino - "country" mysterious caves, red rocks and energizing waterfalls.

At 160 km from Veliky Novgorod and 40 km from St. Petersburg, you can get acquainted with the place, preserved traces of the Ice Age.

You will see the largest in the Leningrad region, the mysterious cave "left bank", the underground lake of Captain Nemo, fossils of the ancient inhabitants of the sea and sleeping butterflies, covered with diamonds of dew.

The vaults of the cave you will be shown a copy of Kapova rock art caves and the caves at Lascaux, in the French Pyrenees.

Once upon a time in these places, Alexander Nevsky was preparing for a decisive battle with the Swedes. There is a stone that has prayed a great philosopher Soloviev, and the estate "Pustynka" over the ducal grotto was born mocking Kozma bars.

The largest and most interesting cave is the "left bank", now protected and open only for organized visitors, accompanied by experienced guides-speleologists. The cave is located near the bridge over the river Tosna her gallery extend under the forest park and the village more than 300 meters, and the total length of the labyrinth passages than 5.5 kilometers.

In the caves mapped 3 underground lake, which reaches a depth in some places three meters. The area of the lake is many hundreds of square meters. Climate is a constant 8 degrees. Regularly monitored the allowable level of radon monitoring the vault (many of them securely fastened). The Left Bank has several large beautiful rooms with unusual names: two-eyed (Hall underground king), Space (Sullen), Columns, Jubilee (which were conducted initiation ceremonies for young geologists), Little Red Riding Hood and others. There are legendary Cat hole through it - just lying down, arms along the body.

The walls of the caves consist of white and red sandstone, and arches - from green (in some rooms) glauconite limestone. In 1924, the last business left here, and then the caves began to work itself Mother Nature. Leaked groundwater formed underground lakes and yards. On ceilings natekla stone likeness of icicles - stalactites, and instead of floor-antipodes stalagmites, cave pearls appeared unique.

In the caves very special, experts say: medical air, which is a prophylactic for the prevention of many diseases.

Numerous caves Sablinskaya hundreds of bats hibernate. It is the largest population of the area. During wintering touch them and even illuminate the bright light can not, because the mouse is not awakened to find their own food and die of exhaustion and loss of energy. And in the cave sometimes fly butterflies and also remain for the winter. So they sleep on the white stone, covered with dew drops.

The duration of the most common excursions with a tour of all the major attractions of the monument - 2.5 hours, including 45 minutes - visiting caves.

Distance: 160 km. GPS: 57.868583, 33.291883.

"Logovor Satan" - a half-ruined (exploded military care) rocket part. A popular place for adventurers, local people and tourists. 25 minutes drive from the main road. From Veliky Novgorod - 160 km.

On the territory, in order:

• broken curve "Betonka" to KPP;


• KPP under the power line;


• residential buildings (in varying degrees of destruction);


• 4 hangars for tractors and a large playground;


• 3 rocket exploded mine;


• hopper 3: team, refueling, and one-unresolved destination;


• a large number of buildings of unknown functional throughout.

Distance: 180 km. GPS: 58.385735, 33.899504.

A unique example of modern architecture and decoration of the city Borovichi is a sports and recreation complex "Olympus" built on a special project that brings together under one roof a wide range of services.

Hotel

"Olimp" Hotel combines the best qualities of a modern hotel. Convenient location, a wide range of additional services, skilled and attentive staff create all conditions for comfortable living and business meetings or corporate events.

It features a conference room, accommodating up to 60 people; restaurant, banquet halls, cafes, bars, water park, bowling, billiards, sauna, Turkish bath, Russian steam room, gym and multi-purpose sports halls, fitness classes.

Aquapark

Waterpark FOK "Olympus" - a great mood, positive emotions, adrenaline and eternal summer! It has everything for a good and high-quality recreation:

• exciting water rides, artificial currents, bottom geysers, waterfalls,


• slides "Tobagan" and "Kamikaze"


• sports pool with 4 lanes at 25 meters,


• children's pool with slides and entertainment complex,


• hydromassage bath,


• Finnish saunas.

Powered rental of inflatable toys and equipment for swimming.

All pools provide a combined water disinfection method, based on a modern water treatment hard ultraviolet radiation. The combination of UV radiation and chemical disinfectants on the treated water ensures a high bactericidal effect.

Bath complex

It offers a Finnish sauna, a Turkish steam bath and a Russian bath, a cozy recreation room combined. The cost of attendance includes free access to the water park, tea, mineral water. There is a possibility of table.

The bath complex FOK "Olympus" You can organize any celebration, party or corporate event, combining the health benefits of a closer communion. For serving a festive table, use the restaurant "Olimp". The Birthday Party and another for seven days after a visit to the sauna complex is a discount of 20%!

Russian pair

Traditional Russian pair soared wet steam with a moisture content of 60-70% at a temperature of 50-60 degrees, and certainly with a broom. Steam is doing by throwing water on the stones in the furnace. The higher the temperature of the stones, the steam and hot drier simultaneously.

Finnish sauna

Finnish sauna - this is the same room, but with very low humidity, above 25%, with dry, hot air. The temperature in this room is 110 ° C. In contrast to the Russian steam bath is not used wet steam. You can sit, lie down, sweat well under high temperature, and then take a shower.

Turkish bath (hamam)

Turkish bath (hamam) - the coolest of all the existing types of baths and, at the same time, one of the most humid. The average temperature in the premises hammam rarely exceeds 35-50 ° C, but the humidity is close to 100% absolute. This "tropical" climate is very easy to carry, allowing a person to relax.

Restroom

When all the procedures are over and the body from the heat razomlelo, whisks and balling water, comfortable lounge is a perfect place where you can finally relax and enjoy your holiday. There is everything for a comfortable stay - comfortable furniture, utensils, kettle, CD player, TV with satellite TV. To the rest was more interesting, provided access to the water park.

Entertainment center

Entertainment complex FOK "Olympus" - an area of excitement, bright impressions and only positive emotions! This night club Olimp Night Club, as well as bowling, billiards, 5D cinema, children's slot machines. There are all conditions for comfortable by any company, celebrations and corporate events! The hall has a bar. You can use the "Olymp" Restaurant Services for the organization of festive buffet.

Gym

The two halls are full range of cardio and strength training equipment (Technogym), free weights. Integrated Technogym machines line includes a line of exercise equipment for all muscle groups. Experienced coaches will help make your body beautiful and attractive by using their knowledge and unique set of exercise equipment. The most effective way to achieve its goals in a gym - to engage with the coach personally. From any point of view, it is useful: the coach is only you, only for you, take into account all the features of your physical training, and closely monitors the correct execution of exercises.

Distance: 190 km. GPS: 58.818675, 33.549064.

Ski club "Lyubogore" was opened in January 2015 and is already gaining popularity among residents and visitors of the Novgorod region. Slope is located in one of the most picturesque places near the village Lyubytino. From its summit offers a magnificent view of the surroundings. Not far from the resort, guests can visit the waterfalls on rivers Priksha and White, Slavic deevnyu X century Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.

The slopes, slopes, lifts

The ski club is prepared 4 routes. The height of the main slope 120 meters. It has two routes: the blue and the red. The length of the blue track of 1100 m. The red is slightly shorter, its width is 80 meters. All slopes are equipped with rope tows.

The ski club runs snowboard rentals and ski equipment. By appointment classes with ski instructor.

Getting there

Of Veliky Novgorod and St. Petersburg on the highway M10 "Russia" to the village Spassky Polist. Next, on the highway P53 through Malaya Vishera to Lyubytino village. From Lyubytino signs for coniferous and Antsiferovo about 7 km. Further, the left, under the index "Lyubogore resort".

Distance: 190 km. GPS: 58.305168, 34.023529

"Mountain Msta" rapids called the area between the village and the village Opechensky Posad Shibotovo in Borovichi area. Total Msta fall in this interval is 70 meters, more than half of the total fall of the river. Width Msta rapids on the site is about 100 meters, and the flow velocity in the flood reaches 20 km / h.

The plot is 30 km in length refers to the conservation area "Mountain MSTA." Mstinsky thresholds - one of the most popular water tourism places in central Russia. From the village Opechensky Posad carried alloys on rafts and kayaks. The most violent water on Msta spring, in April and May.

In total, there are about 50 Msta thresholds and drains, 30 of which are on site Opechensky Posad - Borovichi. They are all formed at the outputs of solid limestone. The most famous rapids: Small threshold greater than the threshold, Shiver in Poneretki ladder, Egla, Uglinsky.

Underground river Poneretka

Left tributary Msta, natural monument, Poneretka River forms one of the largest cave systems in the central part of the Russian platform. The name of the river, presumably derived from the word "Ponor" - a hole in the ground into which the river disappears for 2 km to the confluence with the river MSTA.

The cave system has Poneretki underground halls, climbing, lakes and water pits, tunnels, siphons, benches and even a picture of tens of meters long and the height of a man's height.

The cave entrance is a 2 low (about 0,7-0,8m) hole in the coastal cliff Msta from which small waterfalls flows a river. Going into the cave through the left of them, after a few meters you get to polusifonu. The high water is a wide but low formed during an extended siphon. As a result, the cave is accessible only in summer or winter low water in the bitter cold. 15 Meters in the ceiling - out on the dry floor, in this place you can get. The moves are mostly wide and low, sometimes with sand on the floor, forming a rather complex branched system.

The length of the cave 1430 m, depth of 4 m, the second category of complexity.

Getting there

In Borovichi, immediately after the bridge over the Mstu right. Further, all the time right before the village Opechensky Posad. There's no need to cross the Mstu Road bridge and continue along the left bank downstream of about 3 km. At this point on the hill end of the field and the forest begins. Before hillock, right away dirt road along it until it stops.

Rafting on mountain Msta

Organisation of rafting on Msta engaged LLC "Mountain MSTA" - www.msta-r.ru

Distance: 200 km. GPS: 58.276306, 34.117916.

A large merchant-petty-bourgeois village Opechensky planted in XVIII - XIX centuries. It was an important center of pilotage Vyshnevolotskaya water system. The exact name of the village in the days of active use of the system - "pilotage settlement Opechensky Posad." In the Russian Empire, Posada called urban settlements with the fair and more than one church.

Vyshnevolotskaya water system - one of the oldest man-made water systems in Russia. January 12, 1703, Peter I signed a decree on the construction of a channel between the rivers and Tsna Tvertsa, marking the beginning of the organization of the waterway linking the Volga and the new capital of St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea. Thanks to the system of channels, locks and reservoirs in the area of the Most High Volochek Tvertsa River (a tributary of the Volga) was associated with the river Mstoy. The movement of the system was one-way, from the Volga to St. Petersburg. The purpose of the construction of the water system was to supply food and other capital goods supplied from Central Russia.

Opechensky Posad (formerly Opechensky Row or Opechensky Pier) has become an important center of pilotage Vyshnevolotskaya water system due to its location above Borovitsky (Mstinsky) thresholds, which greatly complicates the navigation on Msta. Here, the court employed 60-70 workers, but even such a great team with pilots often lacked. Larger rapids awaiting trial are many locals who are ready for a payment scoop from barges to draw water, to help with the overload of the goods, the repair of damage.

It was established in Opechensky Posad comfortable, well-equipped marina. about 900 meters long with cast iron tables (bollards), with two arched bridges. She remained there until the present day. The village is to be built on the model of Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg: the street it goes parallel to the river and called lines.

On the first line in the Posada is populist writer Pavel Vladimirovich Zasodimskogo house, worked in 1872 as a teacher in a school for peasant children in the neighboring village. On the basis of experience here, he described in his novel "The Chronicle of the village Smurina" bundle Borovichskye village after the abolition of serfdom.

Another two-storey wooden house with a plaque reminds us that here in the 1890s, lived next Russian writer Vyacheslav Shishkov, author of the novels "Gloom-river" and "Emelyan Pugachev." As a student Vyshnevolotsk technical school, he was an intern at Uverskom beyshlote (I'm sure - the influx Msta).

On the waterfront Msta, the site houses the commander Borovichskye thresholds, several years ago a memorial sign in honor of visiting in 1785 the village and the house by the Empress Catherine II.

Vyshnevolotskaya water system used for shipping before the end of the XIX century. System Throughput was limited and could not meet the needs of a growing economy. Since the late 1790s. were used and Tikhvin Mariinsky alternative water systems. However, the main competitor of the system began to railways. 1851 was opened Nikolaev railway, linking St. Petersburg and Moscow, and in 1870 - Rybinsk Bologovsky limb, make use of the water system Vyshnevolotskaya impractical in terms of cost, and with the traffic speed.

Arboretum

In Opechensky planted on the banks of Msta arboretum is created indifferent, in love with the nature of man Semyon Andreyevich USHANOVA. In it grow dozens of species of trees and shrubs, native to - Japan, America, the Balkans, China, Korea and others. At the entrance - a huge wooden figure of a bear with a wooden keg "honey" on the shoulder, in the lower part of the park - fountains, observation deck, secluded "island of lovers".

Church of the Dormition

In Opechensky Posad, where until now everything is reminiscent of former glory Vyshnevolotskaya water system, even the main temple of the village - Assumption was under the Ministry of Railways. The temple was built in 1764 on the site of the old dilapidated wooden church. The architecture of the temple represented the mighty quadrangle on which was built two-story high light drum, topped with bulbous head. By quadrangular refectory was added. On one of the walls of the temple preserved painted with the image of Nicholas the Wonderworker, the patron saint of sailors and travelers. Not only pilots, but also merchants, owners of cargo and vessels going to the swimming through rapids, prayed before this icon on the right way.

In 1937, the Church of the Assumption was closed. The building of the temple, used for other purposes, it was much rebuilt. There are memories of local residents about the removal of the bells and the destruction of the bell tower. In 1940-41. It was destroyed in the brick kilns to repair the school bell tower.

In the summer of 1994, Posada was created Opechensky Orthodox community, its chairman, was elected a local craftsman, entrepreneur VV Glezdunov. They put a lot of effort to building the Assumption Church, decades later, was again used for its intended purpose. Currently, the temple is restored.

Getting there

Village Opechensky Posad is located on the right bank of the river MSTA, 17 km east of Borovichi, 200 km from Veliky Novgorod.

Distance: 210 km. GPS: 58.653342, 34.065907.

Village Konchanskoe-Suvorov (until 1950 Konchanskoe) traces its history to 1660, when the lands of the lake Sheregodra Karelian immigrants settled. In XVIII - XIX centuries the village was ancestral estate Suvorov, after it was acquired by VI Suvorov, the father of the great Russian commander Alexander Suvorov, along with other villages in 1763 Suvorov owned more than 15 surrounding villages and several thousand serfs.

It is in the estate in Konchanskoe commander serving his exile from 1797 to 1799. Hence the February 7, 1799 Suvorov went to his famous Italo-Swiss campaign.

During the life of the commander manor it consisted only of wooden buildings that have been completely lost: in 1880 the manor house burned down, by the end of the XIX century wooden church became dilapidated and was demolished and burnt down in 1925 and the summer house, little room.

Restoration of the estate and the creation of the Museum-Reserve AV Suvorov devoted life estates, its economy and relations with the host farmers, were in the Great Patriotic War, and it was opened October 25, 1942. Currently, there are winter home Suvorova, house, little room, park, diorama "Alpine campaign of Suvorov", well, outbuildings, complete reconstruction of the wooden church. Most accurately restored appearance of the winter home of Suvorov and house-little room interiors are lost and do not correspond to the original.

Park & Furnishings premises carefully recreated by historians in the tradition of the XVIII century, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, letters Suvorov and his friends. Books and weapons donated to the museums of St. Petersburg, Suvorov preserved relics collect and bring all the inhabitants of the surrounding villages.

Getting there

Village Konchanskoe-Suvorov is located 35 km from the town of Borovichi and 210 km on the highway in Veliky Novgorod Borovichi - Coniferous.

Distance: 210 km. GPS: 57.819365, 28.331786.

From the Nativity

From the first mention of Pskov in the Tale of Bygone Years passed 11 centuries. According to the chronicles of Pskov, the city was already in 862, when the "Prince Rurik traversed s brother from the Vikings to the slovenias knyazhiti ...". These Pskov Archaeology increasing age up to 2000 years or more: settlements in the Pskov gorodische- elevated promontory at the confluence of the Great and Pskov, in the northern part of Crom - existed at the turn of the eras. Mastering the edge of the river system contributed connectedness Peipsi with Varangian (Baltic) sea, for access to the Slavs who fought with the Vikings (Scandinavia) and Chud (Estonians and Livs). Polyethnicity early population of the city is reflected in the title of Pskov (splash Plskov) output from Pskov rivers. Piskawa (in Liwski), pihkwa, piskwa (Estonian) means "resinous water." Other interpretations hydronym - "splash", "brilliance", "fish river", "sand". Archaeologists found that in Pskov X-XI centuries. living descendants of the Slavs - Pskov Krivichy, representatives of Baltic and Finnish, Baltic and Scandinavian tribes.

From the Viking kind occurred, and Kyiv Princess Olga (Helga), in baptism - Elena. State building and zeal for the Orthodox faith Olga gains special reverence. Author Chronicle first reported Pskov in the context of her biography, stating the fact of bringing Prince Igor "by his wife Pskova (Pleskova) name Olga." The Gentiles Igor had other wives, but one has entered into the annals. The second time, the mention of Pskov in the Tale of Bygone Years dates back to 947 g .: "Ida Volga Novugorodu, and stared at Mste povosty and tributes and Luz dues and tributes; Her lovischa and are on the whole earth, znamyanya and place, and povosty and sleigh stand unto her Pleskov and to this day ... ". Degrees book tells the story of the first meeting of Igor with Olga in her homeland, in Vybuty (12 km from Pskov), and on the basis of the Princess of the Trinity Cathedral and the city of Pskov. According Ioakimovskaya Chronicle, "... Olga ordered to build a castle on the banks of the Great River, and it narekshi Pleskov, inhabited by people from everywhere calling." Pskov archaeological study has proven that it originated long before the birth of Olga. However, it is in Olgino reign of Pskov fortified settlement turned into an administrative and trade-craft center: graveyards spread to a wide area system led to the transformation of dogorodskoy Pskov structure in the city.

Pskov was not the prince's patrimony, but acknowledged the supremacy of the prince of Kiev. The rise of Novgorod - conductor political and administrative influence of Kiev in the Northwest led to the inclusion of Pskov, the Novgorod parish. Pskov was in the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Novgorod and the prince - the leader of the troop, who shared with the mayor executive and judicial power. Pskov posadniki appointed from Novgorod. Novgorod Veche - the legislature - Pskov Veche predetermined solutions.

Pskovityane having resources for the sustenance and ethnographic unlike descendants Ilmen (Novgorod) Slavs sought independence. In 1036 Pskov Sudislav Prince Yaroslav the Wise was arrested for insubordination. The weakening of the role of Kiev intensified centrifugal tendencies. In 1136 Novgorod opposition stripped of power grandson Vladimir Monomakh, Vsevolod Mstislavovich. Pskovityane blyuli own interest.

In 1137-1138 gg. Vsevolod Mstislavovich reigned in Pskov and Novgorod ready to capture the table. His death prevented armed conflict. But hardness pskovityan Novgorod forced to recognize the independence of his younger brother, Prince Dovmont consolidation when, in baptism - Timothy (1266-1299 gg.). Even military alliances are not reunited brothers. De jure separated from Pskov Novgorod during the struggle for suzerainty between Moscow and Tver.

In 1327, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Tver, after anti-Tatar uprising in their ancestral lands fled to Pskov. Great reigning Khan told Ivan Kalita. He demanded that the fugitive appearance to the Horde. Pskovityane not given Aleksandra.1,5 prince, he took refuge in Lithuania, holding communication with Pskov. When it first emerged Pskov Bolotovskii law and contract, which confirmed the agreement in 1138 and the actual state of affairs: posadniki Pskov veche elected; Vladychna governors appointed from pskovityan; pskovitina not summoned to court in Novgorod. Ivan Kalita did not condemn the action of Pskov, but held them through the Bishop of Novgorod and Moscow Metropolitan: Pskov church received no autonomy. In 1337 Khan, on the advice of Ivan Kalita, translated by Alexander Mikhailovich in Tver, to be executed in 1339 without resistance Pskov and Lithuania. Moscow won Tver, strengthening the influence of Novgorod and Pskov. Over Novgorod did not encroach on the liberties of Pskov.

"Pskov duty" (laws and customs)

Foreign and domestic life is determined Pskov Veche - a collection of personally free, and the heads of families dvorovladeltsev male. Attributes veche republic were the assembly bell - for convening meetings, and the degree (elevation) - for speaker applications. Naveche presided power posadnik (s1420g.- two) elected izboyar annually. Superseded, the old, posadniki became commanders of military units abroad iposlami Pskov. Modern old posadniki again could run vstepennye. Veche gospoda- case led Prince College, constables (heads Konchanskoe hundreds) of power and old posadniks. Tradition Chamber take cry solutions made it manageable for the Lord, the composition and powers of which led to the concentration of power in the hands of 20 families of boyars. Prince is not directed to the Lord because of the limitations of their competence. Criteria for invitations to the reigning presence of the applicant were a strong squad, acceptance of the Pskov duties and Orthodoxy. Entering the right choice vechu kissed the cross. For violation of the Duke of old expelled. Prince played the role of the judge and military leader. But immediately he commanded a cavalry unit number repeatedly at the urban militia. The judicial power and the prince were limited incomes constables participation in the proceedings.

In 1397g. Chamber approved the Pskov Judicial Charter (PSG) - a set of state laws on the basis of letters Knyazhye Alexander Nevsky and Konstantin Dmitrievich and additions Pskov duties. PSG made out boyars relations with dependent persons; determined the order of succession to the property; regulated the terms and conditions of promissory note and mortgage transactions; It establishes the right workflow in the city arhive- Lara; reinforcing procedural rules. PSG was supplemented up to the end of the veche system and joining of Pskov to Moscow. PSG has become one of the sources of law Code of the Russian state - of Laws in 1497.

1510 was marked by the removal of the assembly bell, the oath of allegiance to Vasily III and withdrawal from Pskov 300 boyars' families. Outside the Kremlin and mid-city evicted all pskovityan and carried bargaining. Bloodlessness measures provided skillful diplomacy Basil III and clerk Tretiak Dolmatova. And it was based on a long-term military and political cooperation with Moscow, Pskov.

The Great fire

1562 - April 28 was in Pskov is the greatest fire, which began on Polonische at New Cross and lasted until the Zapskove, embraced all Zastene, foothills and mill, then defected to Zapskove and they were destroyed before Varlaamskoy Church and her townsmen to the fields, where It was the church of St. Lazarus, on the other hand to Gremyachaya mountain behind the wall. Then I burned and all the Kremlin, and in it the Trinity Cathedral Church, covered all with chapels lead, and all others in Domontovoy wall of the church and bell tower and the granary of the Grand Duke, all the churches and monasteries of stone and wood burned and fifty-two, and defended only without damage church of St. Michael and Gabriel, the Transfiguration, St. Nicholas, Barbara the Great Martyr, Pechersk courtyard with the church Hodegetria, Basil the Great, St. Peter and St. Paul and Boris and Gleb. Fire still multiplied by the explosion was in the cellars of the Kremlin to Pskov River gunpowder, whom knocked out a wall to fish series, and beat many people.
- In place of the burnt walls in Rybnik is built of wood, and the place burned down in the sand against Gremyachaya mountains started to build a stone through Pskov river.

Invasion of the Stefan Batory

In 1581 the Polish king Stefan Batory with selective hundred-thousandth army went to Pskov, and overlaid it. Defenders of Pskov was half that of the enemy. After completing all the bulwarks, September 7 Poles began bombardment of the walls, and the eighth in the wall a few big breaks was punched between the Intercession and Svinogorskoy towers. The assault began. Pskov almost every one took part in the battle. Having lost 862 people, they destroyed 5000 enemy. Learning Pskov force in combat, Batory attempted perelstit their promises. He promised Pskovians regain their independence and return of their ancient customs and liberties, if they pass him the city, and in the event of failure threatened merciless bloodshed. The siege dragged on. Thirty-one assault was repulsed and forty sorties made Pskov. Hopes for the capture of Pskov was no more, and February 6, 1582 Batory troops retreated. The impression of the city is contained in the diary J. Piotrowski, Jr. Secretary of the Royal Chancery, participant of military actions on the side of Batory during the siege of Pskov during the Livonian War, "Admiring Pskov. Lord, what a great city! Similarly, Paris! God help us to cope with it ... The city is extremely high, which does not exist in the whole of Poland, the entire walled, behind it adorn the church, all the stone!; houses behind the walls is not visible "(Diary of the last campaign Stefan Batory ..., 1882, pp. 92, 94). Surprise sizes Pskov expressed not only surrounded by the Stefan Batory Foundation; There are numerous reports of foreign authors of the XVI century. about the merits of the Pskov fortress, splendor buildings, crowded Pskov. Frequent comparisons with its largest western European cities (Kirpichnikov AN, 1988; 1994 s.190200)..

The abdication of Nicholas II

Pskov was for the Emperor and his family the start of the Way of the Cross, which ended Yekaterinburg Golgotha - the murder of Ipatiev house. March 1 royal train arrived in Pskov, where the headquarters of the Northern Front and stopped at the station tracks not far from the station. In the evening on March 2 in Pskov Duma deputies arrived to persuade the Emperor to abdicate. These requirements joined the generals, and even the grand dukes. In the night of 2 to 3 March Nicholas signed a telegram to General Headquarters, which later became known as an abdication; he renounced the throne for himself, and for his son Alexei in favor of his brother Michael. In the Pskov railway station building, a memorial plaque was installed in 1997, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of those tragic events as a result of which Russia was plunged into the horrors of the Revolution and the Civil War.

On the day of the 85th anniversary of the death of the last Russian emperor, in 2003, on the forecourt of Pskov opened the chapel, to perpetuate the memory of the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne.

Pskov during the Great Patriotic War

June 22, 1941 Pskov, as the whole country was shocked by the report on the outbreak of war with Germany. But in the early days, people did not receive reliable information, therefore believed that the enemy will be stopped and defeated at the western border. The first information about Pskov war received from refugees from Belarus and the Baltic States, the flow of which increased at the end of June. July 2 began the bombing of Pskov and Velikie Luki. Only then it received permission to organize emergency committees, who were engaged in the definition of values and sending priority. First of all the money, archives, industrial equipment were taken. The lesser value are works of art. So, for the evacuation of the treasures of the Pskov museum it was allocated only 3 of the truck, and rail - only one car! Therefore, we managed to save little. What was probably buried in the courtyard of the museum, but much has been plundered and gone forever.

The approaches to the Island and Pskov covered pilots. In late June 1941 three young pilot 158 th Regiment on the fighters made the first air rams German "Junkers" in the history of war. Petr Kharitonov, Stepan Zdorovtsev and Mikhail Zhukov opened a glorious page in the heroic exploits of the Pskov land. For June 8, 1941 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

The main tank of the enemy forces were directed to Porkhov and Pskov. Pskov was delivered practically without a fight, the defensive line of the Great River and the old state border did not give the expected result. But it was not the fault of one person, as a result of errors and miscalculations that have been characteristic of the first period of the war: the technical superiority of the enemy in the air, the lack of communication between the parts, the inability to higher command to assess the situation correctly.

Even before the war in Germany, the program of economic plunder of the country has been developed. The military administration, in the face of the Wehrmacht Command, was to impress upon the public "the fear that is able to discourage people any desire to resist." It was organized by the publication of newspapers and leaflets, which described the victorious march of German troops. People drove for viewing newsreels, was conducted in the cities of broadcasting in Russian.

From the very first days of the occupation has been introduced compulsory labor service for all persons between 18 and 45 years, which was later extended to those who are under 15, and extended to 65 years for men and 45 years for women. The working day lasted 14-16 hours. For the slightest fault people were punished with rods, and for more serious offenses -tyuremnomu conclusion. One of the terrible pages occupation is to send young people to work in Germany and the Baltic states. Sent placed on farms, where they worked as farm workers in the fields, caring for animals, give the poor food, donashivaya own clothes, exposed to abuse. Some were sent to military factories in Germany, where the working day lasted 12 hours, and wages accounted for 12 marks a month. This amount is only enough to buy 200 g of bread, 20 g of margarine daily and 100 grams of sugar per month.

In occupied territory, the Germans had set up several concentration camps. They contained hundreds of thousands of wounded, sick, exhausted people. Priest Igor Ivanov, for example, left the following testimony about the contents of them in the cross: "From the first days of occupation of the city on the streets of our persecuted column of Russian soldiers, half-dressed and bare. Terrible pictures were these unfortunate sufferers, moving like a shadow. We saw his brothers dying of hunger, and were not able to provide them all possible assistance. Here, on the street they were beaten, they were targeting those who left the remnants of the forces, and that exhaustion could not reach the camp. " Only in a concentration camp district Crosses were killed, for example, 65 thousand people - an amount equal to almost the entire pre-war population of Pskov.

"The new order" based on fear, brutal exploitation, frank robbery and violence forced most of the population at first to obey the occupiers, but already in the first months of the occupation of small guerrilla groups were organized. The number of units ranged from 25 to 180 people.

1943 remembered Pskovians most striking event-popular uprising in the northern regions of Pskov region. The reason for the uprising was an order to evict the peasants in other areas for the preparation of the territory for military operations, however, the deepest causes of the popular uprising was rooted to the violence policy of genocide pursued by the invaders, and even in the sense of justice that motivates a person, when his land commanded conqueror. It has been prepared and powerfully unfolded guerrilla movement. At this stage there was a merger of the guerrilla movement with a popular uprising.

Distance: 250 km. GPS: 57.710014, 27.860461.

Watchdog city or fortress city - the so-called Old Izborsk. The most famous part - Izborsk fortress. This monument of Russian history, architecture and culture located on a hill surrounded by beautiful nature.

History

The first mention of Izborsk can be found in the "Tale of Bygone Years". Dated to 862. That is, even the ancient Izborsk Pskov, the date of which the foundation is 903 years.

The first Prince of Izborsk was Truvor. Rules for long, only two years, but in his honor near the fortress memorial cross has been installed. Who until now it was referred to as "cross Truvor". A place where there was the first city - Truvor settlement. Izborsk fortress famous for its inaccessibility and withstood many sieges.

Attractions Izborsk

Izborsk fortress is located in the valley Izborsko or less. Fortress on Jeravi mountain was built in 1303 (Jeravi - Crane). Before she served as a protection of the wooden castle on the hillfort Truvor. Jeravi mountain made part of the walls virtually impregnable to the enemy. The new fortress was first with wooden walls and a stone tower. Later it was built stone walls and five stone towers.

Tower onion - the oldest tower of the fortress. It is believed that it (or its site) is the first stone fortress tower was built. In this tower had a special purpose. Tower onion - is a fortress in the fortress. Some loopholes she goes inside. In the case of capture by enemies it was the last refuge for the defenders.

Today in onions also a special purpose - it was adapted for the review of the surrounding landscape. Since its observation deck visitors can survey the tasteful surroundings.

Directly on the territory of the fortress is St. Nicholas Cathedral. Though space inside the walls and very little, but it has been allocated for the construction of the sacred. As historians believe, Nicholas Cathedral emerged immediately after the construction of a new fortress on Jeravi mountain. Even today St. Nicholas Cathedral is an active temple Izborsk.

Slovenian keys

The second most important tourist attraction after the fortress - a Slovenian keys. Even in the ancient chronicles about Izborsk wrote as "Izborsk on Slovenian keys", implying that Slovenian keys - is the main feature of Izborsk.

Slovenian keys are a number of powerful springs (7 units), located on the shores of Lake Gorodishchenskoye. The water is pure and highly mineralized. Slovenian keys - a place of pilgrimage for a large number of people. From different corners of the country come here to look at the wonder of nature and to drink holy water.

These springs are considered to be healing and miraculous. As, however, almost all the springs. Each spring - a small miracle - out of nowhere appears life-giving water.

Because many keys, the popular rumor attributed to each of them a special miraculous power. To help you complete happiness, it is necessary to drink from all the seven keys. However, if you do not want to drink, then simply wash.

In order for the healing power of the keys has not dried up, and to enhance their holiness, Slovenian keys each year, at Easter, consecrated Bishop of Pskov and Velikie.

Virgin spring

Another miraculous spring with a rich history - Virgin fountain. According to legend, a miracle happened when the girl born blind washed with water and seen the light. Since then, the spring was considered curative.

It is located not far from the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. According to local legends, once he beat right out from under the altar of this church. But then it shifted and started hitting close to home aunt Theodosia. After that, it also became known as Tetushkin and Fedosino.

Truvor cross

Truvor cross Gorodishche is located in the cemetery. Truvor was the first prince of Izborsk. In addition to the cross, Gorodishche cemetery and many other interesting ancient artifacts slabs carved with ancient symbols.

Truvor Mound

Truvor Mound is for Gorodishchenskaya cemetery. On a high hill with a magnificent view of the valley. Truvor Mound - a place where there was an ancient Izborsk before the construction of the fortress on the hill Jeravi. Now the old fort were only eaten by time and overgrown with grass earth wall and moat.

St. Nicholas Church (Church of St. Nicholas in the Settlement), built much later, when the settlement had already lost its defensive significance, it is preserved much better and is very fit harmoniously into the landscape.

Izborsk

Izborsk (Stary Izborsk) - one of the oldest Russian cities. However, now he is listed as a settlement, but that does not diminish his greatness.

Izborsk fortress, growing out of the hill, harmoniously merges with the surrounding landscape and has long been an integral part thereof.

Well preserved towers and walls. Part of the wall of Izborsk fortress have been restored. Fortress seemingly revived, although has lost some of its old charm.

The place is very popular among tourists and pilgrims. Near the castle and on the way to the Slovenian keys offer a wide selection of souvenirs. There are entertainment services, such as boating on the lake Gorodishchenskaya or excursions on horseback.

In the evening, at sunset, when the bulk of the tourists subside, the fortress is of particular beauty. No fuss and melteshaschih people comes the perfect time to immerse themselves in contemplation and fully merge with the surrounding space.

To go better in a few days. You can spend the night in the local guest house directly in the Old Izborsk (should be arranged in advance), or in one of the hotels in the city of Pskov. From Pskov to Izborsk fortress about 30 km, which is much less than 300 from St. Petersburg.

Another option overnight - more youth - in a tent on the nearby hills or on the shore of a lake. Though space and preservation, but such a night is still practiced.

Gorodischenskoe lake

Gorodischenskoe Lake, which is located directly under the Izborsk fortress, a small and shallow with an average depth of 2 meters, and the maximum - 5.

Every summer, on Gorodishche lake swans appear and take their young here. Feeding swans (and ubiquitous ducks) is part of the cultural program travelers.

According Gorodishchenskaya lake, for a small fee, you can ride on a boat.

Izborsko-Malskaya Valley

Izborsko degree the valley, which is a fortress - a monument of nature. Therefore, cut down trees and build fires on the territory adjacent to the fortress, it is prohibited.

Paid entrance. Charges taken separately for each point of interest: for entry into the territory of the museum-reserve (you can go to the castle), visiting the tower onion, visiting the museum. Money is small, about 50 rubles. Students and pilgrims - discount. In addition, you have to fork out for a boat ride on the lake or Gorodishchenskaya excursion on horseback. There are several paid excursions.

How to get to the fortress Izborsk

To go from Veliky Novgorod - about 250 km away, in the Pskov region. Pretty far, so I recommend to take care of the inn. You can spend the night in the guest house Izborsk fortress or in one of the hotels in the city of Pskov. In any case, you have to book a room in advance. In the summer of availability can not be.

The most preferred way to travel this route - private cars. The only way you will have time to explore all the attractions of Izborsk fortress and Malskaya Valley without fuss. And even in the Monastery of the Caves have time to look.

The machine can throw at the entrance to the fortress, or on one of the streets of Old Izborsk.

Very beautiful place - the mighty walls and towers, miraculous springs, ancient settlement, the vast expanses, the abundance of churches, chapels, sacred places, and other artifacts.

A long way, so it's best to go to two or three days. To explore the castle without haste, drink spring water from all the seven keys, enough to enjoy the beauty of the local countryside and nearby attractions.

Distance: 260 km. GPS: 57.809959, 27.614436.

Holy Dormition Pskov-Caves Monastery - one of the largest and well-known in the Russian monasteries with a long history. The name of the monastery is due to it being in the caves (in Old Russian - Pechory), called the "God of the building" (that is, created by God). In 1473 there was a consecrated cave church of the Assumption, Reverend Jonah dug into a hill of sandstone. This year is considered the year of foundation of the monastery. The hill, which are Church of the Assumption, and the God of buildings cave called the Holy Mountain.

The monastery has never in its history been closed. In the interwar period (from February 1920 to January 1945) was in Estonia, so that was not affected by anti-clerical and anti-religious activities of Soviet power.

In 1967-2006 years in the monastery he labored Archimandrite John (Krestiankin).

The early history of the monastery

Reliable information about the beginning of monastic life on the site of the modern monastery there is not carried out and research the origin of caves located in the monastery. These caves are located in sandstone sediments on the banks of the now existing Kamenetz creek. Based on studies of other caves located in the Pechora, which researcher IA Agapov concluded their natural erosion and suffusion origin, caves, located in the Pskov-Caves Monastery, may also be of natural origin.

Legends about the beginning of the monastic life in these caves recorded in the annals of the monastery, and subsequently developed in the Pskov-Caves Paterik. It is possible that some of the details have been added to this tradition in the twentieth century. According to legend, the cave became known to local residents in 1392. This conditional date that coincides with the year of the death of St. Sergius of Radonezh, was chosen to indicate the symbolic continuity of spiritual life. In the caves settled monks, fled to Pskov land from the south, from the raids of Crimean Tatars. From the legends we know the name of only one of these recluses, Reverend Marcus, called "initial monk" monastery. If early publication legends indicate a legendary figure of Mark, in the later editions of the history of the monastery, Mark is already a historical character. According to legend, the land around the future of the monastery went to Ivan Dementiev, who accidentally (by God's providence) found the cave, which had already had an inscription "God Buildings cave."

According to the chronicles of the monastery in 1470 in a cave he settled priest John previously served in the Church of the Great Martyr George in St. George's Livonian (Dorpat, now Tartu in Estonia). Close to God Buildings caves he dug a cave in which gave a church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, consecrated in 1473. In his writings he helped wife Maria, he took monastic vows with the name Vassa. After her death, John was tonsured with the name Jonah. Ivan Dementev monks handed a piece of land around the temple, and soon formed a small monastery. The caves became a graveyard for the monks.

It is on the border between Russia and Livonia, where the Germans reigned, dwelling times (according to the chronicles of the monastery) was exposed to ruin by the Livonians. The rise of the monastic life, recorded not only tradition in monastic chronicles, but in the Pskov chronicles, started in 1519, when the Moscow government in the face of the Pskov deacon of the Grand Duke Misyura Munekhin and Podyachev Ortyusha Pskovitina "Nazirat miserable place neznaemo nobody is under German abroad "- recognized the strategic importance of the position in front of the monastery (20 kilometers) from the Livonian castle Neuhaus. In 1523, when abbot Dorofea efforts Munekhin monastery was fortified with wooden walls, expanded the cave temple on the Holy Mountain set the church in the name of Anthony and Theodosius - the founders of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Initiation of the monastery Cathedral of the Assumption (in the monastery), and the church - Antony and Theodosius, as well pereemstvennost emphasized the spiritual life and the significance of the new monastery. Next abbot Gherasim introduced in the monastery cenobitic charter modeled on the Kyiv-Pechersk, as approved, and benefactor of the monastery Munekhin.

Monastery during the Livonian War and the Northern

This flourishing monastery associated with its subsequent abbot, Martyr Cornelius. In 1541, he put in a monastery refectory church of the Annunciation, expanded Assumption Church, monastic caves dug further. During his abode into a strong fortress, around the monastery were built stone walls (1558-1565 year) and was built in the name of the Gate Church of St. Nicholas. Abbot Cornelius died in 1570, according to legend, was killed by his own betrayal zapodozrevshim king Ivan the Terrible. According to the manuscripts in Trinity-Sergius Lavra, it happened at the monastery gate. Repented, King suffered a body abbot at the Assumption Church. Since Nikolkogo way from the temple to the Assumption Church is called "Bloody way."

The walls of the monastery served as his defense more than 150 years - until the conclusion of the Treaty of Nystad in 1721. During this time, the monastery survived the siege of the troops of the Polish King Stefan Batory (1581), Polish troops under the command of J. Chodkiewicz and A. Lisowski and Swedish troops of King Gustav II Adolf (with breaks in the years 1611-1614), troops of the Swedish king Karl XII ( in 1703).

In the years 1758-1759 Intercession Church was built over the Church of the Dormition. In 1792-1800 years in the monastery church was built in honor of Lazarus the Four, in the years 1815-1827 in memory of the deliverance of Pskov by Napoleonic troops was built St. Michael's Cathedral, Candlemas church was constructed in 1870.

From 1785 to 1824 had worked in the monastery Reverend Lazarus vision, three days is as if quite dead. In 1822, Emperor Alexander I had a conversation with him privately.

In 1920, the Pechersk monastery on the Tartu Peace Treaty was related to Estonia and remained there until the accession of Estonia to the USSR in 1940, and this has been saved from the general destruction and desecration.

From 1896 to 1960, the monastery was active Hieroschemamonk Simeon (Zhelnin). In 2003 he was canonized.

During the Great Patriotic War

During the war, the monastery churches hit by artillery fire, suffered damage and refectory Fraternal housing.

After the occupation of the Pskov-Caves Monastery remained in double subordination: the metropolitan of Tallinn Alexander (Paulus) and the Baltic Exarch Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky).

From 1940 until October 1941 he was vicar of the monastery, Archimandrite Parthenius (Shatinin). In October 1941, Parthenius (Shatinin) went into retirement for old age, and by the decision of the leadership of the elders took the abbot Paul (Gorshkov), who ran the monastery before his arrest, the Soviet secret service in late 1944.

In the spring of 1942 turned out to be a monastery settled in the occupied territory skhiepiskop Macarius (Vasiliev), which previously was on the "irregular situation" (catacomb bishop).

C August 1941 by February 1944, along with brothers of the monastery abbot Paul (Gorshkov) participated in the Pskov Orthodox mission. The purpose of this mission was to revive the spiritual life in the occupied territories by the Germans. Priests externally rendered loyalty to the occupation authorities to be able to conduct services. There is evidence that in the Pskov-Pechersky Monastery Gestapo wanted people were hiding under the domes.

During the occupation, in the Pskov-Pechersky Monastery held congresses and higher clergy meeting of the Baltic Exarchate, in particular the so-called pastoral meeting, held on 28 August 1943 in the Sretensky temple, which was attended by Metropolitan of Vilnius and Lithuania Sergey (Voskresensky), Exarch of Latvia and Estonia, Narva Archbishop Paul (Dmitrovsky), Bishop John of Riga (Garklavs), Bishop Daniel Kovno (Yuzvyuk) skhiepiskop Macarius (Vasiliev), and others. Monastic brethren represented the abbot Paul (Gorshkov), monks Ilia, Arkady, Nikon, skhiieromonah Simeon. On the part of the occupation authorities were present Gebietskommissar, the mayor of the town Petseri, prefect of police.

In May 1943, the Pskov-Caves Monastery visited and spoke to the inhabitants of AA Vlasov.

On the night of March 31 to April 1, 1944 during the flight of Soviet aviation in the monastery of shrapnel bomb killed skhiepiskop Macarius.

After the liberation of Pskov region abbot Paul (Gorshkov) was included in the commission of inquiry into crimes in the invaders near Pskov. But in October 1944 was followed by an unexpected arrest, he was accused of collaboration with the occupiers. He was sentenced to 15 years for anti-Soviet activities. He died in 1950. Rehabilitated in 1997.

The post-war period

January 16, 1945 Pechora region was transferred from the Estonian SSR to the Pskov region of the RSFSR. Nearly 40 years on the territory of the Russian Federation operated only two monasteries - Pskov-Pechora and open in 1946, Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

To assure the surrounding population in the "freedom of conscience in the Soviet Union" the Council for Russian Orthodox Church organized a summer 1946 visit to the monastery by Patriarch Alexy (Simanska).

Since 1949 to 1954 he was governor of Archimandrite Pimen (Izvekov), later Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.

In 1957 he moved to the monastery of Valaam seven elders in 1939, transported from the island of Valaam in Finland.

From 1958 to 1963, the monastery was the inhabitant of Sampson (Sievers) - Hieroschemamonk Russian Orthodox Church. In 1963 the monastery leadership ousted Sampson, according to the official version - to avoid a conflict with the Soviet authorities (formally, although after the amnesty, Sampson escaped from the camp and at the same time led an active religious propaganda). It was not the first conflict with the Simeon church leadership, the first took place even during the stay of Simeon in the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra, but ended in reconciliation. After treatment Sampson to Patriarch Alexis I (Simanska) conflict was smoothed, Sampson was placed in state in Moscow and in 1966 he was tonsured into the great schema.

July 28, 1959 decree of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy governor was appointed abbot Alipio (Ravens) (in 1961 elevated to the rank of Archimandrite) - until March 12, 1975 who worked in the restoration and preservation of the Pskov-Pechersk monastery. Alipio not allowed to close the monastery in difficult years for the Church Khrushchev antireligious campaign, thanks to his efforts in 1973 to the monastery back treasures taken out by the Nazis from the sacristy of the monastery, was also promoted repair fortifications, temples and monastic buildings.

In the 1980s, for the blessing of Metropolitan John (Razumov) large restoration works were held in the monastery.

In the monastery, spent the last years of his life, Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov), Archbishop Vladimir (Kobets), bishops Theodore (Tekuchёv) Ioanniky (Speransky), Andrew (Sukhenko). All of them are buried in the monastery caves.

In 1986, the tower of the monastery of St. Nicholas was consecrated a church in honor of Martyr Cornelius, and in 1995 on the Holy Mountain monastery - wooden church in honor of the Pskov-Pechersk reverend.

In September 1995, Archimandrite of the Pskov-Caves Monastery Roman (Stallions) at the request of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II, has resigned. He was accused in the press that found in the caves of the monastery coffin Gavrilenkova Nicholas, one of the leaders of Velikie organized crime group, who was killed June 30, 1995

Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) based on the shot at the monastery in 1986 created the film material "Pskov-Pechersk monastery." In 2011 it was published his book "" unholy saints "and other stories", many stories which are related to the Pskov-Caves Monastery, where the author had worked.

Monastery ensemble

In the monastery are: God Buildings Caves (near and far), church of the Assumption, Intercession, Candlemas, St. Michael's (Cathedral), the Annunciation, Lazarus, Nicholas shot, the Resurrection of Christ (in distant caves), Kornilevskaya, Pskov-Pechersk reverend and Belfry, abbot House, Fraternal housing Saint springs, Sacristy, city walls and towers.

Currently Caves and Sretenskaya church open all day. Login to distant God Buildings cave made by appointment. Assumption Church and St. Michael's Cathedral are open only during religious services.

God Buildings Caves

The complex of buildings God caves consists of the near and distant caves. Caves -. U-shaped in plan view and have a length of about 15 m They are the tombs with relics of St. Mark, Jonah, Lazarus and the Nun Vassa. Above the tomb of the Venerable Lazarus hang his chains.

For the Near Caves followed by long, consisting of seven underground-street galleries with cave church of the Resurrection of Christ at the end of the 6th gallery (church street), and the eve of the end of the main street. These caves are the convent cemetery.

The length of the distant caves is about 200 m. They are kept at a constant temperature of about + 10 ° C. Initially, the cave served only to bury the monks. Then, in the caves began to bury the pious laity: statesmen, princes, nobles, churchwardens, the pilgrims, the monastery defenders. The first lay buried in the caves was the sovereign's Misjur Munekhin (1528).

Near the eve buried: Bishop George (Sadkovskaya), Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov), the elders of the Pskov-Pechersk monastery, Strive to it in the XX century: Valaam elders (Hieroschemamonk Michael, abbot Luke, abbot Gennady monk Sergius, Schemamonk Nicholas Hieroschemamonk John , Schemamonk German), Archimandrite Seraphim (Rosenberg), Archimandrite John (Krestiankin).

On the mountain site of the temple of the Resurrection of Christ is buried Archimandrite Alipio (Ravens), in a niche of the temple of marble slab other elders of the monastery buried: Schema-archimandrite Agapi (Agapov), Archimandrite Jerome (Tikhomirov), abbot Savva (Ostapenko), abbot Onesiphorus (Mikhailov) skhiierodiakon Mark (Murin). The altar of the church is a marble icon of the Resurrection.

Among the lay buried in the caves of the ancestors of Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Kutuzov, Musorgsky, AN Pleshcheeva, VN Tatishchev and others. The caves lie Simansky representatives of an ancient race, which took place from the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy I.

The monks of the monastery are buried on the fifth and sixth streets, the laity - in other streets. They are buried in coffins placed in the walls of caves, not falling asleep ground. In the caves there is no smell of smoldering bodies of the dead.

The total number of graves is about 10 thousand. Man.

Assumption cave and Intercession Church

Assumption cave church is the main and most ancient temple of the monastery. It was excavated from the hill of sandstone father John (Jonah in the tonsure) and consecrated in 1473. Assumption Church is only the front facade, it goes the opposite side of the mountain. In 1523, when abbot Dorofea church was renewed and expanded, built a chapel in the name of Anthony and Theodosius of the Kiev Caves. He supervises the construction gosudarev Misjur Munekhin. In the years 1758-1759 over the temple built Intercession Church. Thus, the Assumption and St. Basil's churches have a common front. Log in Pokrovsky temple is from the distant God of the building caves. In the XIX century on the Assumption Protection Church built multicolored domes in the Ukrainian Baroque style, shaped like the head of the Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.

The Dormition Church are:

• The miraculous icon of Our Lady of the Assumption in conversation (with the image on the sides of the most important events in the life of the Mother of God), written Pskov iconographer Aleksei Maly and in 1521 donated to the monastery.


• Two honored list with the miraculous icon "Tenderness" Mother of God, written in the XVI and XIX centuries.


• The reliquary Martyr Cornelius.


• Icon of St. Nicholas in conversation, XVI century.


• Church of St. Nicholas Goalkeeper

The preserved section of the original wall between the prison tower and the church of St. Nicholas PATH, which is arranged on the belfry.

Built in 1564 by architect Paul Zabolotnov (according to other sources in 1565), both possible with the construction of fortifications around the monastery. Consecrated in the name in the name of St. Nicholas. Gate Church could have some time to be the main entrance to the monastery, the holy gates. In this case, the Nikolskaya Tower and an additional fence walls that formed Dhahab before the gates were added later. The church today has a common roof with Nikolskaya Tower of the fortress wall. On the site of the original wall, between the prison tower and the church was a small belfry, presumably simultaneous temple porch which served as the buttress that supported belfry. This inner wall Dhahabi was subsequently demolished and the remaining area under the belfry was further strengthened extension. Due to the fact that the church was built as a gate, it is called the Church of St. Nicholas the goalkeeper, as well as Nikola PATH (in the church there is a wooden figure of St. Nicholas image with a sword in his hand).

Large belfry

To the east of the Assumption Cathedral, along the same line, it is the main monastic bell tower or bell tower, a stone of several columns set in a line, from west to east. The construction of the belfry was started in 1523 on the site of the old wood.

Large belfry - one of the largest architectural structures of this type (as well as the belfry of Novgorod St. Sophia Cathedral, the belfry of the church of the Epiphany and Paromenskaya Assumption Church in Pskov).

It has six main spans (ringing) and seventh, adjoined later, thereby forming as it were a second tier.

Collection bells Pskov-Caves Monastery - one of the most important as the Pskov land, and in the North-West Russia.

St. Michael's Cathedral

Cathedral in honor of God Archangel Michael is the largest structure of the monastery. It was erected in the years 1815-1827 by the Italian architect LI Ruska in the classical style. The cathedral was built in memory of the deliverance of Pskov by the Napoleonic invasion, which occurred after the procession with the Pskov-Pechersk icon of Our Lady of the Assumption around Pskov. On the night of the following day (8 (20), October 1812) Russian troops under the command of Field Marshal Count Wittgenstein freed Polotsk (Second Battle of Polotsk), thereby freeing Pskov from danger.

On gilded metal boards installed in the temple are engraved the names of the commanders and soldiers of the number of housing Wittgenstein.

Shrine Temple is a right hand of St. Tatiana passed Archimandrite John (Krestiankin) in 1977.

Sretenskaya church

Rebuilt in 1870 in pseudo-Russian style of the former monastryskoy refectory, built in 1541, the year, and is flanked on the west to the Church of the Annunciation. It is assumed that the alteration does not cozero bearing structures and in general under the late decor preserved walls of the 16th-century building. The basement originally housed monastic "life" - bread, mukoseynya treasury (for which a separate building of the sacristy was built later), cellar "cabbage"; Now it occupied space of the reading room and vegetable store.

In the temple there are lists with the miraculous icon of Our Lady "Three Hands" and "Perishing" in 2003 established cancer with the relics of St. Simeon (Zhelnina).

Sacristy

Collegiate Big sacristy or treasury (treasury of the church) with the abbot Cornelius was located in the basement of the Annunciation Church of the refectory. The dating of the modern single building sacristy was given various scientists within the XVI-XVIII centuries, it is known that some sacristy burnt down in the fire of the year 1687/88. A recent study involving a large number of arguments, including the preserved images sacristy material (brick) and the clerks argued monastic books dating end of the XVII century, after the fire of 1687 and the end to the beginning of the Northern War. More specifically, it is proposed in 1688, when a brick masons working tihvintsam Isachko Fedoseyev and Senka Ivanov, brick Patrekeyu Leontievu master mason and Pechersky Danilka Gerasimov was vyplocheno a total of more than ten rubles. The three-storey building located opposite the Great Belfry, adjacent to the Sretensky temple. It has three levels and is completed a small blue dome with gold stars. On the floors there are storage, proper sacristy and library.

In the sacristy are kept gold and silver crosses, precious salaries and garments, shroud, clothing, gold and silver church utensils, gifts from the monastery Russian tsars and emperors. All of these valuable items were taken by the German invaders during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, then returned with the help of the German government to the monastery in 1973 when the governor of Alipio (Voronov). 504 (the remaining 62 missing) were returned from 566 exported items.

Saint springs

In the monastery there are two saints source: in honor of Martyr Cornelius (located opposite the Church of the Dormition, near the Sacristy) and artesian - in honor of the Icon of Our Lady Life-Giving Spring (located opposite the church of the Annunciation). In 1911, over the Life-giving Spring hexagonal chapel was built.

Walls and towers

Stone walls with six towers and three gates were built in the years 1558-1565 at the beginning of the Livonian War to protect against Livonians having strong Neuhaus castle 20 km from the monastery. Later, four more towers were built. Pskov-Pechersk fortress withstood a two-month siege of the detachment of troops and the Stefan Batory Hungarian detachment under the command Bornemisza in 1581, and later repeatedly participated in the border fighting until the end of the Great Northern War in 1721.

Currently, the monastery has 9 towers on the site of lumber tower that was destroyed in 1581, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael was built. Holy Gates of the Monastery are in Peter's tower, built in the XVII century (originally used for the gate Nikolskaya Gate Church, was carried out through the passage Dhahab formed adjoined to it from outside (maybe a little bit later the very gate of the church) Nikolskaya Tower).

Tower Upper grids - Taylovskoy near the tower, above the ravine and flowing along its bottom Kamenetz creek. At the bottom of the tower is lined with small stone arch, through which a stream of water to get inside the fortress. Stone arch or vault was closed iron bars, to the besiegers did not use the creek to penetrate the fortress. Grid gave the name and the tower itself. Despite the fact that the tower Upper grids is at the bottom of the ravine, it is the highest in the Pechora fortress, and its upper point reaches a height of 25 meters. Behind the walls are hidden martial 6 tiers with loopholes and broad chambers for installation of guns. Tent lookout tower topped by a platform - guard, guard hut, which can be easily seen approaches to the fortress and the nearest area. From the tower, like the wings, divergent parts of the walls - the fence, combining into one tower, set on the banks of the ravine. Especially picturesque this area of combat fortifications looks a tourist area located almost opposite the Tower of the Upper grids.

Tower lower grilles, as well as Tower of the upper grids, placed on the bottom of the ravine, creek downstream, and closes the northeastern arc of the fortress wall. The stream here is wider and deeper than where the fortress falls. Lower tower arrays has four tiers of combat. On each of the three lower four loopholes with extensive combat cameras. In the top tier - seven loopholes. Their location allows you to take control of virtually all areas of possible attacks. In addition, in the third tier had access to the ramparts. This detail is very important, because next to the tower are the lower gate. To strengthen the protection of the gate, and above them in the wall have been installed loopholes, among which is an icon-case with a picture of the Savior.

Distance: 300 km. GPS: 57.060867, 28.919433.

Pushkin Reserve - memorial memory space of AS Pushkin and place of creation of modern culture.

Distance from Pushkin Mountains to the Great Novgorod - 300 km, to the Pskov - 113 km, to St. Petersburg - 420 km, to Moscow - 670 km.

Despite the distance from the major cultural centers, the Pushkin Reserve is a steady interest of visitors for over a hundred years. Visiting Pushkin places in its spiritual significance is very important for tourists. On a visit to Pushkin come tourist groups, families, groups of friends, school classes from all over Russia and abroad.

Historical reference

In the history of Russian culture "Mikhailovskoye" museum-manor "Trigorskoye", "Peter the Great" and the village known as the Holy Mountain Pushkin memorial places connected with the life and work of the great poet. Area favorite and praised them. During the life of a small village Mikhailovskoye Pushkin perceived as his poetic homeland, the place of the creative transformation of the poet. The years of exile, 1824-1826, was an important stage in his creative life, they contributed to the self-determination of the poet, the establishment of Pushkin as the greatest national poet. Here, in the ancient land of Pskov, strengthened his poetic talent, his genius blossomed. Near the "cute limit" the poet bequeathed to bury him. Here, at the altar wall of the Holy Dormition Cathedral Svyatogorsk monastery, four miles from St. Michael's resting his ashes.

Already in 1899, the 100-year anniversary of the birth of the poet, Mikhailovsky was purchased from his heirs in state ownership on people's donations. Since that time the history of the museum-reserve "Pushkin's Corner."

In 1911, on the estate of Michael hamlet Pushkin Museum was opened, in fact, the first state literary museum-manor was in a memorial space.

In February 1918, during the revolutionary turmoil, they were burned Mikhailovskoye Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye, Golubov and other possessions belonging to the descendants of relatives, friends and acquaintances of Pushkin.

Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars on March 17, 1922 villages Mikhailovskoye Trigorskoye and the grave of Alexander Pushkin have been declared natural reserves. The original name of "National Park" Pushkin area "" reflect continuity with the pre-revolutionary communication reserve "Pushkin area" in the Pskov province.

In 1936, in the museum-reserve were included settlement Savkins and Voronich, small village of Peter and the whole territory of the Holy Assumption Monastery.

Pushkin Preserve greatly suffered during the fighting of World War II, during the occupation of the Nazi invaders (1941-1944 gg.).

After the liberation from the occupation at the memorial restored level:

• In 1947-1949 the manor-museum "Mikhailovskoye" and the Holy Assumption Monastery.


• In 1962, he revived the estate of Pushkin's friends Osipov and Wulf, a small village in the hamlet Trigorskoye.


• In 1977, the "Petrine" revived estate Hannibal.


• In 1995-2001, under the state program preparation for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Pushkin conducted restoration and reconstruction work in the estates Trigorskoye, Mikhailovskoye and Peter the Great, in the territory of Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition.

In the years 1996-2007, it was mainly carried out the plans outlined in the Programme of the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Pushkin. "Trigorskoye" (1996-1998), "Mikhailovskoye" (1998-2000), "Peter the Great" (1999-2001), the museum complex "Bugrovo" (1999-2007) restored and supplemented by architectural ensembles museums, mansions. Carried out a unique operation of complex repair restoration manor garden and park ensembles. A new museum complex "Bugrovo".

Implemented repair and restoration work and parkoustroitelnye allowed to return a number of significant details appearance historical manor buildings, landscape and park of the estates. Within the framework of public-private partnership is restored on the site of St. George's Church Voronich - house church Osipov-Wolf family, which is the dominant feature of the memorial landscape. Work on the restoration of the museum's collection of items. Qualitatively changed museum exhibitions.

Reserve Pushkin Museum exhibits are subject to a single topic: "A. Pushkin in St. Michael. " The most valuable of all the exhibits is the collection of memorabilia meetings at different times acquired from the descendants of Pushkin, Hannibal, Wulf. These articles form the basis of the exhibition. The historical interiors of the museum houses the system is based on the indissoluble link them with the landscape, organic merging with it.

"When visiting Pushkin places, you feel a sense of contact with the extraordinary beauty - wrote DS Likhachev. - It's not even that Pushkin places like beautiful landscapes: their special beauty of nature in alliance with poetry, with memories - memories of stories and memories of poetry ... "Sanctuary" - a reserved region. This is not the edge of the prohibitions - a region where we have the commandment of love, friendship, fun, meet with Pushkin, to the fact that he has commanded us ... a land ... we have to keep ... "

Since the 60s of the 20th century protected Pushkin place Pskov region became the center of national tourism and, on the right remark Academician Likhachev, an authentic culture of the university. It is no coincidence Pushkin Reserve is the venue for the annual scientific conferences, literary workshops, festivals and theater festivals of Russian and international level. Mikhailovskoye is a creative laboratory and practical training place for scholars, historians, artists, architects, museum conservators, poets, writers, literary critics, park specialists, many of whom are permanent museum consultants in various areas.

Scientific research and educational materials published in the museum's collection, "Michael's Pushkiniana", published in 1996.

The historic tradition of the Pushkin Reserve to celebrate the birthdays of the poet poetic festivals, which began in the 30s of XX century, was interrupted during the Second World War. In the 60 years that took shape a genuine people's initiative was revived in the form of the All-Union Pushkin poetry festivals, which have contributed to the emergence and other literary museum and manor holidays Tiutchev, of Nekrasov, Blok.

Mikhailovsky has great lyrical power. There is clearly past lives in the present, there is a transfer of cultural relay generations belonging to the great Pushkin Russian culture - open, hospitable and friendly to all the other cultures of the world.

On the territory of the Pushkin Reserve are monuments of culture and landscape elements:

• the grave of Alexander Pushkin and Hannibal, Pushkin necropolis at the altar wall of the Holy Dormition Cathedral Svyatogorsk monastery with burials OA Hannibal, MA Hannibal, Pushkin Plato baby, NO Pushkin and SL Pushkin;


• museum-manor "Mikhailovskoye", "Trigorskoye", "Peter the Great" with their member memorial park XVIII-XIX centuries;
  towns, walled cities place IX-XIV centuries, Voronich, Savkins, Vrevo, Vella.;


• Museum Complex "Bugrovo", which includes a museum "Watermill" and "Pushkinskaya village" on the history of mill business and the rural way of life of the Pskov land and their reflection in the works of Alexander Pushkin;


• Kucan Malenets lakes and river Soroti and meadows on Soroti from Michael to Trigorskoe; lakes and water systems belonging to them Black, Belogul, Sour;


• Michael's memorial grove and their surroundings;


• Scientific and cultural center of the museum-reserve (NCC), in the town of Pushkin Mountains, with placed in it exhibitions and a permanent exhibition of Arts Academician PP Ossovsky "Pushkin and the land of Pskov"


• places devastated during the civil war estates of relatives, friends and neighbors of the poet - "Voskresensky", "Golubov," "Deriglazova", "Bald Mountain".

All this is a single museum exhibition space, in which the introduction to the memory and work of Pushkin, to the tradition of the "Golden Age" of Russian culture, and through it to the national and world history and culture.